HUBUNGAN ANTARA TINGKAT PAPARAN BENZENE DENGAN HASIL HITUNG DARAH KARYAWAN SEBUAH PERUSAHAAN MINYAK DAN GAS BUMI DI KALIMANTAN TIMUR

Idha Arfianti Wiraagni, S.Ked, Prof. dr. Iwan Dwiprahasto, M.Med.Sc., Ph.D.

2011 | Tesis | S2 Ilmu Kedokteran Dasar dan Biomedis

LATAR BELAKANG PENELITIAN. Benzene adalah salah satu bahan kimia berbahaya yang dapat menimbulkan gangguan kesehatan. Beberapa penelitian epidemiologi memperkirakan adanya hubungan antara paparan benzene dengan leukemia. Dari meta analisis diketahui bahwa kelompok terpapar benzene mempunyai risiko leukemia 1,4 (95% CI, 1.23-1.57), dari kelompok tidak terpapar. Sumber benzene banyak terdapat di proses produksi perusahaan minyak dan gas bumi. Karyawan dapat terpapar benzene dalam waktu yang lama, sehingga ada kemungkinan menderita efek toksik dari benzene. Pengaruh paparan benzene terhadap kesehatan, khususnya pada hasil hitung darah di Indonesia belum pernah diteliti. TUJUAN PENELITIAN. Penelitian ini bertujuan mencari hubungan antara intensitas paparan benzene dengan hasil hitung darah karyawan pertambangan sebuah minyak dan gas bumi di Kalimantan Timur. RANCANGAN PENELITIAN. Penelitian ini dilakukan pada 897 karyawan dengan rancangan case control. Pengumpulan data diperoleh dari hasil medical check up rutin dan health risk assessment tahun 2007 sampai 2010. Kelompok kontrol sebanyak 521 kasus, sedangkan kelompok kasus sebanyak 376 kasus. Variabel bebas adalah paparan benzene di proses produksi, variabel terikat adalah hasil hitung darah, dianalisis dengan analisis bivariat chi-square. Intensitas benzene diukur dengan OVM (dosis eksternal) dan SPMA (dosis internal). HASIL PENELITIAN. Subyek penelitian berusia rata–rata 39,91+10,90 tahun, dengan masa kerja antara 1-36 tahun. Intensitas benzene tahun 2007 meliputi rerata OVM 1,07±5,5 ppm dan rerata SPMA 11,54+5,28 µg/g kreatinin. Intensitas benzene tahun 2009 meliputi rerata OVM 4,15+13,6 ppm dan rerata SPMA 55,90+43,6 µg/g kreatinin. Pekerja yang terpapar benzene mempunyai risiko mengalami penurunan salah satu dari hemoglobin, eritrosit, trombosit, atau leukosit 1,71 kali (95% CI: 1,18–2,48) dibandingkan tidak terpapar, walaupun penurunan ini masih dalam rentang normal (p value: 0,004). KESIMPULAN. Hubungan antara intensitas paparan benzene dengan rendahnya hasil hitung darah karyawan tidak dapat ditemukan.

BACKGROUND. Benzene is one of dangerous chemical substances which it can cause some health disturbances. Several epidemiologic researches estimate that there is a relationship between benzene exposure and leukaemia. From the meta analysis it is known that those who are exposed to benzene have leukaemia risk 1.4 times (95% CI, 1.23-1.57), from those who are not. The source of benzene can be found much in the process of gas and earth oil companies, including a oil and earth gas company. The employees are exposed to benzene in a long time, so there is a probability to have toxic effect from benzene. The influence of benzene exposure toward the complete blood count in Indonesia is a problem that needs further researches. OBJECTIVE. The objective of this research is to find out the relationship between the intensity of benzene exposure with complete blood count of oil and earth gas company in East Kalimantan. METHOD. This research is done to 897 employees with case control design. Data collection is obtained from the result of routine medical check-up and health risk assesment in the year of 2007 – 2010. The control group consists of 521 cases, whereas the case group consists of 376 cases. Independent variable is the benzene exposure in the production process, dependent variable is the result of complete blood count, are analyzed by using chi-square bivariat analysis. The intensity of benzene is measured by using OVM (external dosage) and SPMA (internal dosage). RESULT. The research subject are 39.91+10.90 years old in average, with working period between 1 to 36 years. There are some disorders, such as bicytopenia (0.1–0,3%), anemia (20.6%), leucopenia (1.6%), trombocytopenia (4.3%), and erithropenia (15.9%). The intensity of benzene in the year of 2007 includes average OVM 1.07±5.5 ppm and average SPMA 11.54+5.28 µg/g kreatinin. The intensity of benzene in the year of 2009 includes average OVM 4.15+13.6 ppm and average SPMA 55.90+43.6 µg/g kreatinin. Employees who are exposed to benzene have risk to have degradation of one of the haemoglobin, erithrocyte, trombocyte, atau leucocyte 1.71 times (95% CI: 1.18–2.48) compared those who are not, although this degradation is still in the normal range (p value: 0.004). CONCLUSION. The relationship between the intensity of benzene exposure with low blood calculation result of the emlpoyees cannot be found.

Kata Kunci : paparan benzene, hitung darah lengkap, pertambangan minyak dan gas bumi.