MASUK ANGIN DALAM BUDAYA JAWA

Atik Triratnawati, Dra.,MA., Dr. Ida Rochani Adi, S.U.

2011 | Disertasi | S3 Antropologi

Di kalangan orang Jawa, istilah masuk angin lebih sering terdengar daripada penyakit lain. Penduduk yang mengalami masuk angin tidak tergantung pada jenis kelamin, umur, status sosial ekonomi maupun lokasi geografi. Masuk angin berpengaruh tidak hanya fisik tetapi mental . Studi ini bertujuan menjelaskan konsep Jawa dan filosofi masuk angin sebagai fenomena budaya: penyebab dan gejala, bagaimana masuk angin dikelola orang berdasar pengalaman orang Jawa, penyembuhan dan peralatan serta pemahaman medis mengenai penyembuhan. Studi etnografi dilakukan pada petani Jawa di Sleman dan nelayan di Rembang, Jawa Tengah dari tahun 2007-2010. Partisipasi observasi dan wawancara mendalam dilakukan terhadap 68 informan dan 25 informan kunci. Kombinasi teori fenomenologi, strukturalisme dan simbol diterapkan untuk analisa dan interpretasi data. Orang Jawa percaya bahwa masuk angin sebagai kondisi kesehatan alami akibat tubuh terlalu banyak kemasukan angin, sehingga keseimbangan terganggu. Gejala fisik masuk angin seperti pusing, panas, dingin, lelah, kembung, sendi kaku dan lain-lain. Kelelahan, kedinginan, terlambat makan, tidur di udara terbuka, kurang tidur, tekanan mental, terlalu keras dalam bekerja mereka anggap sebagai penyebab masuk angin. Kerokan biasanya dipilih sebagai penyembuhan pertama, selain jamu, pijat, minuman bersoda, minuman panas sehingga udara dapat keluar dari tubuh. Filosofi penyembuhan adalah oposisi biner agar keseimbangan terjadi tidak hanya fisik, jiwa tetapi juga sosial. Kosmologi Jawa seperti manunggaling kawula Gusti dan sangkan paraning dumadi menjadi tujuan hidup orang Jawa agar selamat, sehat, terhindar dari malapetaka

Among the Javanese, the term masuk angin is more frequenty heard than other illnesses. The population who suffers from masuk angin are not only of a certain sex, age, socioeconomic status, or geographical location. Masuk angin affects not only one‘s physical, but also mental. The research aimed to find out the Javanese concept and philosophy of masuk angin as a cultural phenomena: its cause and symptom, how to manage masuk angin based on the Javanese experience, to treat it and the tools use, and also the tratment of masuk angin from the medical point of view. An ethnographic study was carried out among the Javanese peasants in Sleman and fishermen in Rembang, Central Java, from 2007-2010. Participation observation and in-depth interviews were conducted among 68 informants and 25 key informants. The combination of phenomenology, structuralism and symbol theories were applied to analyze and interprete the research data. The Javanese believe masuk angin as natural heath problem due to the fact that it is the effect of too much air entering the body, thus the equilibrium of the body is distrubed. The physcal symptoms of masuk angin incuded headache, fever, chills, feeling restless, bloated stomach, achy joint, etc. Fatigue, the rain, cold condition of the body due to delayed eating, sleeping in the open air, lack of sleep, mental stress, and work hard were said to be among the causes of masuk angin. The coining is usually selected as a first treatment for masuk angin, besides jamu, massage, soda water and hot water to release the gas from the body. The phylosophy of the treatment is a binary opposition and to make equilibrium in the body not only the physical, mental, but also social. The Javanese cosmology such as manunggaing kawula Gusti (unity to the God), and sangkan paraning dumadi (realized about human life) become the life goal, in order safety, health, distance from unfortunated

Kata Kunci : masuk angin, kerokan, keseimbangan, budaya Jawa