ARAHAN KEBIJAKAN REVITALISASI KAWASAN BENTENG UJUNGPANDANG

YUSRIANA, Dr. Daud Aris Tanudirjo, M.A.

2011 | Tesis | S2 Arkeologi

Kawasan Benteng Ujungpandang merupakan salah satu kawasan yang berperan penting dalam sejarah Kerajaan Gowa-Tallo, di Makassar Sulawesi Selatan sejak abad XV. Karena itu, sudah sepatutnya keberadaan kawasan ini mendapat apresiasi dari pemerintah dan masyarakat. Namun, kenyataannya saat ini kurang mendapat perhatian, sehingga telah kehilangan citranya sebagai kawasan bersejarah dan ikon Kota Makassar. Padahal, sesungguhnya kawasan benteng ini merupakan sumberdaya budaya yang amat berpotensi untuk dikembangkan di masa kini agar lebih bermanfaat bagi kesejahteraan masyarakat. Salah satu caranya dapat dilakukan melalui revitalisasi kawasan. Untuk itu, terlebih dahulu perlu dilakukan kajian tentang nilai penting dan disusun arahan kebijakan revitalisasi. Dalam konteks itulah penelitian ini dilaksanakan. Penelitian ini merupakan kajian pengelolaan sumberdaya budaya (Cultural Resource Management). Sesuai dengan itu, tahap-tahap penelitian ini meliputi pengumpulan data tentang keadaan sumberdaya budaya di Kawasan Benteng Ujungpandang, analisis nilai-nilai penting sumberdaya budaya, menemukan peluang dan hambatan pengelolaan, serta menyusun arahan kebijakan revitalisasi. Dalam penelitian ini digunakan data primer maupun sekunder. Data primer diperoleh melalui observasi dan wawancara, sedangkan data sekunder didapat melalui kajian pustaka di lembaga dan perpustakaan yang menyimpan dokumen terkait, serta penelusuran di internet. Analisis nilai penting dilakukan berdasarkan beberapa kriteria yang sesuai dengan ketentuan yang ada di Indonesia. Hasil analisis kemudian dipadukan sebagai dasar menyusun arahan kebijakan revitalisasi Kawasan Benteng Ujungpandang. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan kawasan Benteng Ujungpandang memiliki nilai penting sejarah yang tinggi di tingkat lokal maupun nasional. Berbagai peristiwa sejarah yang penting terjadi di sini, termasuk menjadi bukti sejarah pertumbuhan kota Makassar. Kawasan ini juga mempunyai nilai penting ilmu pengetahuan karena telah menjadi bahan kajian berbagai ilmu, antara lain Arkeologi, Sejarah, Perencanaan Tata Kota, Teknik Sipil, Arsitektur, dan Pariwisata. Dari sisi nilai penting kebudayaan, kawasan ini merupakan identitas masyarakat Makassar, tempat pendidikan masyarakat, dan daya tarik wisata. Adapun arahan kebijakan yang dihasilkan meliputi perbaikan fisik dan non-fisik. Perbaikan fisik terdiri dari penataan kawasan dan bangunan, tata hijau, sistem sirkulasi dan transportasi, pengaturan penanda (Signage) dan reklame, Street Furniture, dan ruang terbuka. Arahan perbaikan non-fisik meliputi perbaikan sosial-ekonomi, dan perbaikan kelembagaan.

The Fort Ujungpandang Area is one of the areas which has important role in the history of Kingdom of Gowa-Tallo in South Sulawesi since XV century. Therefore, it is proper that government and public should give much appreciation to it. But in reality today the fort and surrounding areas lacked attention from both government and public so that its image as the historic region and the icon of the city has faded away. This is a very bad condition as the fort area is a cultural resource having the potentials to be developed in order to make it more beneficial to people welfare. One method can be used to develop the fort is area revitalization. In this method there are two important issues needed to be done: first is by studying of the important values; second is by arranging the revitalization policy directives. This research is conducted in that context. This research is a study of cultural resource management. The stages consist of gathering data about condition of cultural resources in the Fort Ujungpandang Area, analyzing the important values of the cultural resources, finding opportunities and constraints of the management, and developing revitalization policy directives. This research uses primary and secondary data. The primary data is obtained by observation and interviews, while the secondary data is obtained by literature research in institutes and libraries storing documents related to research object, and searching on internet. The analysis of significant values is based on several criteria’s in accordance with provisions applied in Indonesia. The results of the analysis are then combined as a basis for arranging the policy directives. The results showed that the Fort Ujungpandang Area, has high historical significance both at local and national levels. Variety of important historical events had been occurred here including as a historical evidence of Makassar city growth. The area also has important scientific values as it has been the object of various sciences study including Archeology, History, Urban Planning, Civil Engineering, Architecture, and Tourism. In terms of cultural significance, this area has been the identity of Makassar public, the space of public education, and tourism attraction. This research results two policy directions needed to consider to be implemented in the Fort Ujungpandang Area, that are, physical and nonphysical revitalizations. Physical revitalization consists of arrangement of the area and buildings, green planning, circulation and transportation system, signage, and advertisements, Street Furniture, and open space. Non-physical revitalization consists of increasing quality of cultural, socio-economic and institutional.

Kata Kunci : Benteng Ujungpandang, Kawasan, Revitalisasi, Kebijakan Pelestarian, Pengelolaan Sumberdaya Budaya