STUDI PENGARUH TATA LETAK STRUKTUR GABUNGAN GROIN I DAN L TERHADAP PEMBENTUKAN GARIS PANTAI
Khusnul Setia Wardani, Prof. Ir. Nur Yuwono, Dip.HE., Ph.D.
2011 | Tesis | S2 Teknik Sipil
Kerusakan pantai karena faktor alam antara lain adalah akibat gempuran
gelombang, kenaikan muka air laut, bencana alam, transportasi sedimen, dan
gelombang pasang akibat badai. Kegiatan manusia seperti penambangan pasir dan
batu karang, penebangan hutan bakau, dan pembangunan konstruksi yang tidak
akrab lingkungan juga berpengaruh terhadap kondisi pantai.
struktur perlindungan pantai dan dinamika profil pantai serta garis pantai perlu
dikaji dengan baik agar bisa dirumuskan kondisi pantai stabil pada kondisi
perlindungan pantai yang berbeda-beda. Inovasi baru dalam sistem perlindungan
pantai dengan menggunakan rekayasa lunak (soft engineering) telah berkembang
di dunia. Salah satu bentuk sistem perlidungan tersebut berupa pantai pasir buatan.
Sejak 2002 penggunaan pantai buatan (artificial beach nourishment) sebagai
perlindungan pantai merupakan pilihan yang mulai diterapkan di Indonesia.
Groin I dan L merupakan kombinasi antara groin I dan pemecah
gelombang sejajar pantai. Dalam penelitian ini uji model fisik hidraulik 3-D
dilakukan untuk melihat fenomena kinerja groin I dan L dalam mempertahankan
stabilitas garis pantai. Diameter butiran d50 1.05 mm dan kemiringan garis pantai
awal nf = 6 digunakan dalam penelitian ini. Dalam penelitian ini juga dilihat
formasi salient dan tombolo yang terbentuk sebagai sistem keseimbangan yang
baru pada suatu garis pantai. Perbandingan antara Lx/L digunakan untuk
menganalisis hubungan antara tata letak struktur dengan formasi keseimbangan
pantai yang baru.
Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, struktur gabungan groin I dan L berpengaruh
terhadap pembentukan garis pantai. Tata letak gabungan groin I dan L terhadap
panjang gelombang pada kondisi keseimbangan telah tercapai menghasilkan
formasi salient lemah (weak salient) pada Lx/L < 0.81, salient nyata (pronounced
salient) pada 0.81
Damage to the beach due to natural factor, such as, is due to wave attack, sea level rise, natural disasters, an imbalance of sediment supply, and tidal waves caused by storms. Human activities such as mining of sand and coral reefs, mangroves, and construction are not familiar environments also affect the condition of the beach. Interaction between coastal protection structure and dynamics of coastal and shoreline profiles need to be studied properly so it can be formulated in a stable condition coastal protection condition varies. New Innovations in coastal protection system using soft engineering has been growing in the world. One form of protection system in the form of an artificial sand beach. Since 2002 the use of artificial beaches nourishment as a coastal protection options are implemented in Indonesia. Composite structure groin I and L is a combination of groin and offshore breakwaters input parallel the coast. This research was conducted in a 3D physical model test. The study of hydraulic model test 3-D is to see the phenomenon of influence of composite structure groin I and L in maintaining the stability of the shoreline. Grain size of sediment d50 1.05 mm and initial slope coastline n = 6 is used in this study. The study also showed salient and tombolo formation as a new system of balance at the shoreline. Comparison between the Lx/L is used to analyse the relationship between the layout structure with the formation of a new equilibrium coastal. Layout of composite structure groin I and L toward wave length in equilibrium condition has achieved important results in the weak salient formation at Lx/L <0.81, pronounced Salient at 0.81 <1.1, and earlier tombolo at Lx/L > 1.1. The more steep waves, then the slope of the shoreline profile will be more sharply on the open zone and the ramps in the protected zone. This is due to the larger currents that occur, thus moving the sediment toward the shade. In the protected zone is obtained n1 = 13.917, n2 = 3.972, and n3 = 7.367, obtained the transition zone n1 = 7.704, n2 = 6.982, and n3 = 7.302 and obtained an open zone n1 = 4.025, n2 = 12.133, and n3 = 4.750. Bar formation occurs when n1 and n3 is less than n2. Berms formation occurs when n1 and n3 is greater than n2.
Kata Kunci : Struktur gabungan groin I dan L, salient, tombolo, kecuraman gelombang dan kemiringan profil garis pantai.