EFEK ESTROGENIK FRAKSI ETIL ASETAT UMBI BENGKOANG (Pachyrrhizus erosus (L.) Urb.) TERHADAP KADAR KOLESTEROL DARAH DAN TULANG PADA TIKUS Sprague Dawley TEROVARIEKTOMI

FRANSISKA LEVIANA, S.Farm., Apt., Dr. Arief Nurrochmad, M.Si., M.Sc, Apt.

2011 | Tesis | S2 Ilmu Farmasi

Kejadian penyakit kardiovaskular dan osteoporosis meningkat pada wanita menopause. Penggunaan jangka panjang hormon replacement therapy untuk mengatasi permasalahan wanita menopause dapat menimbulkan efek samping, sehingga eksplorasi alternatif sangat diperlukan, salah satunya penggunaan fitoestrogen. Umbi bengkoang (Pachyrrhizus erosus (L) Urb.) mengandung isoflavonoid, senyawa yang dikenal memiliki efek estrogenik. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah melakukan analisis kandungan (8,9)-furanylpterocarpan-3-ol sebagai senyawa marker dalam fraksi etil asetat umbi bengkoang (Pachyrrhizus erosus (L) Urb.) (EPE) dan meneliti efek estrogenik fraksi etil asetat umbi bengkoang terhadap kadar kolesterol dan tulang pada tikus terovariektomi. Fraksi etil asetat yang dibuat dianalisis kandungan kandungan (8,9)- furanylpterocarpan-3-ol sebagai senyawa marker secara HPLC. Kemudian fraksi tersebut diuji efek estrogeniknya secara in vivo. Tiga puluh ekor tikus betina Sprague–Dawley berusia 50 hari dibagi ke dalam enam kelompok yaitu operasi sham, OVX, OVX-estradiol (2 µg/day), OVX-EPE 200 mg/kgBB, OVX-EPE 400 mg/kgBB, OVX-EPE 800 mg/kgBB selama 4 minggu. Setelah perlakuan, darah, urin, dan tulang diambil. Berat badan dan uterus ditimbang. Kadar kolesterol total, HDL dan LDL diukur. Tulang dianalisis densitas dan komponen mineralnya (kalsium dan fosfor). Parameter yang terkait dengan remodeling tulang juga diukur yaitu kadar kalsium dan fosfor urin dan darah serta kadar enzim alkaline fosfatase darah. Data lalu dianalisis dengan uji oneway ANOVA test, diikuti Duncan test (P<0,05). Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa fraksi etil asetat umbi bengkoang (Pachyrrhizus erosus (L.) Urb.) mengandung senyawa (8,9)-furanylpterocarpan3- ol sebagai senyawa marker sebesar 2,63 ± 0,01 % yang ditetapkan secara HPLC. Pemberian EPE memiliki efek estrogenik terhadap kadar kolesterol dan tulang pada tikus terovariektomi. EPE mampu menurunkan secara signifikan kadar kolesterol total tikus terovariektomi. Efek estrogenik EPE terhadap tulang yaitu meningkatkan densitas tulang, kandungan mineral kalsium dan fosfor pada tulang, sehingga secara biomekanik tulang mengalami peningkatan kekerasan dan kekuatan yang lebih besar secara signifikan dibandingkan kelompok OVX. Penelitian ini memberi peluang terhadap pengembangan fraksi etil asetat umbi Pachyrrhizus erosus (L.).Urb. sebagai terapi alternatif untuk menangani masalah kesehatan pada wanita menopause karena efeknya pada kolesterol dan tulang.

Incidence of cardiovascular diseases and osteoporosis was increased in menopausal women. Long-term use of hormone replacement therapy to solve the health problems of menopausal women could cause side effects. Therefore, it is necessary alternative agent that relatively safer to use. Bengkoang tubers (Pachyrrhizus erosus (L) Urb.) contained isoflavonoid, a compound known to have estrogenic effects. The aim of this research is to analyze the (8,9)- furanylpterocarpan-3-ol as a marker compound in the ethyl acetate fraction of Pachyrrhizus erosus (L) Urb.)’s tuber (EPE) and investigate the estrogenic effects of EPE on cholesterol levels and bone in an ovarietomized rats. The ethyl acetate fractions were analyzed the (8,9)-furanylpterocarpan-3- ol as a marker compound by HPLC. Then estrogenic effects of the fractions were tested by in vivo method. Thirty 50-days-old female Sprague–Dawley rats were randomly assigned to six groups as followed, sham-operated, OVX, OVX- Estradiol (2 µg/day), OVX-EPE 200 mg/kgBW, OVX-EPE 400 mg/kgBW, OVX- EPE 800 mg/kgBW for 4 weeks. After treatment, urine, boold, and femur were collected. Body and uterine weight were measured. Total cholesterol, HDL and LDL cholesterol level were measured. Bone was analized for length, density, and mineral content (calcium and phosphorus). Calcium and phosphorus level on blood and urine and alkaline phosphatase also were measured. Data were analized by oneway ANOVA test, followed Duncan test (P<0,05). The results showed that the ethyl acetate fraction of EPE contained (8,9)- furanylpterocarpan-3-ol as a marker compound at 2.63 ± 0.01% determined by HPLC. The administration EPE has estrogenic effect on cholesterol level and bone in OVX rats. EPE could decrease significantly the total cholesterol level in OVX rats. The estrogenic effects EPE to bone were described in increased bone density, and mineral content of calcium and phosphorous in bone ash. The femur mechanical testing significantly increased the ultimate load and stiffness of femurs of ovariectomized-rats that its effect was greater than OVX or shamoperated rats. Increased bone density may lead to enhanced bone strength, reducing the risk of fracture, which is evident in the administration of EPE due to high content of mineral density and content and increase the ultimate load. This study suggests a possible role of the ethyl acetate fraction of Pachyrrhizus erosus (L.).Urb. as potential alternative therapy for the treatment of health problems in post-menopausal women because of its beneficial effect on bone and cholesterol.

Kata Kunci : Pachyrrhizus erosus (L) Urb., (8,9)-furanylpterocarpan-3-ol, tikus terovariektomi, kolesterol, osteoporosis.