SINTESIS ZEOLIT A DARI ABU DASAR BATUBARA DAN APLIKASINYA SEBAGAI ADSORBEN ION Ni(II)
suwalsih. S.Pd., Dr.rer.nat. Nurul Hidayati Aprilita, M.Si.
2011 | Tesis | S2 Ilmu KimiaTelah dilakukan sintesis zeolit A dari abu dasar batubara PLTU Paiton Jawa Timur. Zeolit A disintesis dari abu dasar menggunakan metode peleburan alkali dilanjutkan perlakuan hidrotermal dalam microwave. Peleburan dilakukan pada suhu 750â°C selama 1 jam, dan proses hidrotermal dilakukan dengan variasi suhu 100, 110, dan 120â°C selama 3 jam. Abu dasar dan padatan hasil sintesis dikarakterisasi menggunakan spektrofotometri inframerah (FTIR), difraksi sinar- X (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), dan fisisorpsi isotermal gas N2 berdasarkan persamaan BET. Abu dasar dan zeolit A hasil sintesis digunakan sebagai adsorben ion logam Ni2+ pada berbagai variasi pH, waktu interaksi dan konsentrasi awal ion Ni2+. Hasil analisis FTIR menunjukkan adanya gugus O-Si-O dan O-Al-O pada abu dasar, garam natrium silikat dan aluminat pada abu dasar hasil peleburan, serta adanya serapan karakteristik zeolit A pada padatan hasil sintesis. Pola difraksi sinar-X menunjukkan perlakuan hidrotermal pada suhu 100â°C selama 3 jam dihasilkan zeolit A dengan kristalinitas yang paling tinggi. Hasil SEM memperlihatkan perubahan bentuk yang lebih homogen pada zeolit A hasil sintesis. Hasil analisis fisisorpsi dengan metode BET menunjukkan bahwa pada zeolit A hasil sintesis luas permukaan lebih besar dari abu dasar. Hasil kajian adsorpsi ion logam Ni2+ oleh abu dasar dan zeolit A hasil sintesis menunjukkan bahwa adsorpsi maksimal terjadi pada pH 4, waktu interaksi 90 menit. Adsorpsi ion Ni2+ meningkat sampai konsentrasi awal Ni2+ 50 ppm untuk zeolit A hasil sintesis, dan 40 ppm untuk abu dasar. Kajian kinetika adsorpsi ion logam Ni2+ oleh zeolit A hasil sintesis dan abu dasar dapat mengikuti kinetika orde satu Langmuir-Heinshelwood atau usulan Santosa, dkk (2007). Zeolit A hasil sintesis memiliki kapasitas adsorpsi yang lebih besar yaitu 18,3 x 10-5 mol/g, dibanding abu dasar yang hanya 25,5 x 10-6 mol/g. Adsorpsi ion logam Ni2+ berlangsung secara kimia dengan energi adsorpsi 29,29 kJ/mol untuk zeolit A hasil sintesis dan 24,59 kJ/mol untuk abu dasar. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa modifikasi abu dasar batubara menjadi zeolit A mampu meningkatkan kapasitas adsorpsi tethadap ion logam Ni2+ .
Zeolite A was successfully synthesized from coal bottom ash of PLTU Paiton East Java. Zeolite A was synthesized from bottom ash using the method of alkaline fusion, continued with hydrothermal treatment. The fusion was done at 750â°C for 1 hour, and the hydrothermal process was done with the temperature variation of 100, 110, and 120â°C for 3 hours. Bottom ash and the solid product of synthesis were characterized by infrared spectrometry, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy and gas N2 physisorption method based on the BET equation. The synthesized zeolite A and bottom ash were applied as adsorbents of Ni2+ at various pH, interaction time, and concentration of Ni2+. Characterization using FTIR spectroscopy showed the presence of O-Si-O and O-Al-O groups in bottom ash, sodium silicate and sodium aluminate in the result of the fusion of bottom ash, and the vibration characteristic of zeolite A at solid the product of synthesis. Both the XRD pattern showed hydrothermal treatment at 100â°C for 3 hours resulted by zeolite A with the highest crystallicity. The result of SEM showed the changes of shape that was more homogen on the product of zeolite A. The result of physisorption analysis with BET method, showed that surface area of zeolite A was higher than bottom ash. The optimum condition of ion Ni2+ adsorption on synthetic zeolite A and bottom ash was observed at pH 4, interaction time of 90 minutes. Adsorption of ion Ni2+ continually increased up to 50 ppm for synthetic zeolite A, and 40 ppm for bottom ash. The adsorption kinetics study of Ni2+ on synthetic zeolite A and bottom ash can followed the first order kinetic from Langmuir-Heinshelwood or Santosa modification (2007). The synthetic zeolite A had greater adsorption capacity that was 18.3 x 10-5 mol/g, compared with bottom ash which only 25.5 x 10-6 mol/g. The adsorption of Ni2+ continued chemically with adsorption energy of Ni2+ was 29.29 kJ/mol for the sinthetic zeolite A, and 24.59 kJ/mol for bottom ash. The result of the study showed that the modification of coal bottom ash becames zeolite A can increase the adsorption of capacity for Ni2+.
Kata Kunci : abu dasar batubara, zeolit A, adsorpsi Ni2+ .