MODIFIKASI PENETASAN TELUR BURUNG MALEO GUNUNG (Aepypodius arfakianus) UNTUK MENINGKATKAN DAYA TETA

Hotlan Manik, Prof. Dr. Ir. Tri Yuwanta, SU., DEA.

2011 | Tesis | S2 Ilmu Peternakan

Penelitian untuk mengetahui karakteristik fisik dan kualitas telur burung Maleo gunung (Aepypodius arfakianus) serta tingkat keberhasilan penetasan menggunakan modifikasi alat penetasan dilakukan untuk meningkatkan daya tetas. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode observasi pada variabel telur tetas, suhu, dan kelembaban. Adapun metode eksperimen penetasan dilakukan dengan tiga (3) pola penetasan, yaitu penetasan semialami di luar habitat (ex-situ), penetasan dengan alat media tanah dan serasah, serta media rak dengan sumber listrik. Pada observasi penetasan alami diketahui bahwa suhu dalam sarang bervariasi 30-35°C dengan kelembaban 70-90%. Variabel yang diamati adalah daya tunas, daya tetas, lama inkubasi, berat tetas, dan mortalitas embrio. Data dianalisis menggunakan analisis deskriptif dan korelasi untuk beberapa bagian yang diperlukan dan ditampilkan dalam rata-rata dan standar deviasi (SD). Karakteristik fisik dan kualitas telur Maleo gunung mempunyai berat 168,28±14,64 g; panjang 8,81±0,45 cm; lebar 5,62±0,20 cm; kuning telur 54,67±0,79%; putih telur 36,66±0,48%; haugh unit 71,32±5,92; tebal kerabang 0,36±0,03 mm; berat kerabang 8,63±0,42%; indeks telur 64,07±0,97%; indeks warna kuning telur berkisar 10-12 pada skala Roche; sedangkan warna kerabang putih susu serta bentuk telur oval. Modifikasi penetasan dengan media rak memberikan kualitas terbaik daripada dua modifikasi lainnya. Hasil yang diperoleh adalah lama inkubasi 40,14±0,69 hari, daya tunas 90,00%, daya tetas 77,78%, mortalitas embrio 22,22%, dan berat tetas 112,94±7,84 g. Pada modifikasi ex-situ lama inkubasi 47,50±0,71 hari, daya tunas 80%, daya tetas 25%, mortalitas embrio 75%, dan berat tetas 109,05±2,33 g. Pada modifikasi pada media serasah inkubasi 41,33±0,58 hari, daya tunas 90%, daya tetas 33,33%, mortalitas embrio 66,67%, dan berat tetas 113,33±5,05 g. Modifikasi penetasan dengan media rak dapat meningkatkan kualitas tetas, memperpendek waktu inkubasi, dan mengurangi mortalitas.

This research aims to determine the physical characteristics and quality of eggs bird mountain Maleo (Aepypodius Arfakianus) bird in Papua and to determine the success rate of hatching by using some modified hatching equipments to improve the eggs’ hatchability. This research used observation method to analyze variable egg hatching, temperature and humidity. There were three (3) experiments of hatching pattern, are semi-natural hatching outside of the habitat (ex-situ), hatching by using soil and serasah as the media, and hatching by using electric shelves as the media. Observation data of natural hatching show that the temperature inside of the nest is about 30-35 o C with humidity of 70-90%. The variables measured were embryo durability or fertility, hatchability, period of incubation, hatch weight, and embryo mortality. The data was analyzed using descriptive statistics and correlations for the parts of required and was displayed in the mean and deviation standard (SD). Physical characteristics and eggs’ quality which are obtained to mountain Maleo eggs were 168.28±14.64 g of weight, 8.81±0.45 cm of height, 5.62±0.20 cm of width, 54.67±0.79% of yolk, 36.66±0.48% of albumin, 71.32±5.92% of haugh unit, 0.36±0.03 mm of eggshell’s thickness, 8.63±0.42% of eggshell’s height, 64,07±0,97% of eggs index. Moreover, yolk index was about 10-12 in roche scale, and the eggshell was oval with milky white color. Hatching modification using electric shelves as the media provided the best quality from the other two modifications. The results of 40.14±0.69 days of incubation were 90.00% of egg fertility, 77.78% of hatchability, 22.22% embryo mortality, and 112.94±7.84 g of hatch weight. In exsitu modification of 47.50±0.71 days of incubation, the results were 80% of egg fertility, 25% of hatchability, 75% of embryo mortality, and 109.05±2.33 g of hatch weight. In hatching modification using soil and serasah as media of 41.33±0.58 days of incubation, the results were 90% of egg fertility, 33.33% of hatchability, 66.67% of embryo mortality, and 113.33±5.05 g of hatch weight. Hatching modifications using electric shelves can improve the quality of hatching, shorten the period of incubation, and reduce the mortality.

Kata Kunci : Maleo gunung (Aepypodius arfakianus), Modifikasi, Daya tetas