PEMBUATAN DAN VALIDASI CANGKOKAN MODEL UTERUS PERSALINAN KALA III PADA PANGGUL ZOE SEBAGAI ALAT BANTU BELAJAR KETERAMPILAN KLINIK

J.M. METHA, dr. Gandes Retno R., M.Med. Ed., Ph.D.

2011 | Tesis | S2 Ilmu Pendidikan Kedokteran

Latar belakang: Pembelajaran keterampilan klinik perlu diterapkan sedini mungkin. Penerapannya memerlukan berbagai sumber belajar, diantaranya model-model anatomi yang realistik. Panggul Zoe merupakan model anatomi yang sering digunakan untuk pembelajaran klinik manajemen aktif kala III dan manual plasenta, namun panggul Zoe tidak mempunyai uterus persalinan kala III, sehingga pembelajaran kurang realistik. Tujuan: Membuat dan melakukan validasi cangkokan model uterus persalinan kala III pada panggul Zoe sebagai alat bantu belajar manajemen aktif kala III, manual plasenta, dan deteksi robekan portio. Metode: Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian dan pengembangan (Research and Development/R&D) Hasil: Model uterus persalinan kala III yang dapat dicangkokkan pada panggul Zoe sehingga menjadi realistik, dan dapat digunakan sebagai alat bantu belajar, khususnya pada pembelajaran prosedur manual plasenta telah dibuat. Untuk pembelajaran prosedur manajemen aktif kala III, model ini kurang realistik karena memerlukan beberapa intervensi ketika prosedur dilakukan, dan untuk pembelajaran deteksi robekan portio dirasakan sulit melakukannya, karena terdapat kerutan pada model lobang portio. Hasil lainnya adalah kemungkinan model robekan portio dapat digunakan untuk mempelajari penjahitan portio, dengan pertimbangan melonggarkan fiksasi model uterus pada panggul Zoe sehingga model uterus dapat turun ketika dilakukan tarikan pada model portio ini dan selanjutnya dapat dilakukan proses penjahitan portio pada model seperti dalam situasi nyata. Sebagai produk baru, model cangkokan uterus persalinan kala III diberi nama 'ɤ MK3' (ɤ: baca gama). Kesimpulan: Pembuatan dan validasi model cangkokan uterus persalinan kala III pada panggul Zoe merupakan alat peraga teknologi tepat guna dan dapat digunakan untuk pembelajaran klinik manual plasenta, namun masih terdapat beberapa kelemahan yaitu pada pembelajaran manajemen aktif kala III dan deteksi robekan portio. Model cangkokan ini diperkirakan dapat dikembangkan untuk pembelajaran penjahitan robekan portio.

Background: Clinical skills learning needs to be learned as early as possible during basic clinical education. However, the implementation requires various sources of learning, including some realistic anatomical models. In terms of clinical learning of the active management of the third stage of labor (AMTSL) and placental removal, Zoe pelvic simulator is frequently used; nevertheless, since it does not have uterine in the third stage of labor, the learning process with Zoe pelvic is less realistic. Objective: To Develop and validate the uterine model hybrid in the third stage of labor on Zoe model as a learning aid in AMTSL, placental removal, and detection of portio tear. Method: This study made use of Research and Development (R&D) method. Result: Uterine model hybrid in the third stage of labor that could be attached on Zoe model to be as realistic as possible had been made; thus, it could be used as a learning aid, especially in procedural management of placental removal. However, this model was less realistic when used in procedural learning of AMTSL due to the needs of some interventions at times the procedures were being performed. In addition, this model was also difficult to be applied for the learning detection of portio tear because of some shrinkage in the model. Another result was that the model of portio tear might be used for studying portio repair with consideration of loosening uterine model fixation on Zoe model in order that the model could move downward when it was drawn, and then portio repair process on the model could be done like in the real situation. As a new product, this model was named 'ɤ MK3' (ɤ: read gamma). Conclusion: The production and validation of uterine model hybrid in the third stage of labor on Zoe model was a low cost model. It could be used for clinical learning of placental removal but with some weaknesses for the learning of AMTSL and detection of portio tear. This model is estimated to be able to be developed for the learning of portio tear repair in the future.

Kata Kunci : pembelajaran klinik-model anatomi-tepat guna