EKSPLORASI DAN POTENSIASI SENYAWA OLAHAN LIMBAH SEBAGAI ATRAKTAN LALAT BUAH Bactrocera carambolae (DIPTERA: TEPHRITIDAE)

Dyah Rini Indriyanti, Ir.,MP., Prof. Dr. Ir. Edhi Martono.

2011 | Disertasi | S3 Ilmu Hama Tumbuhan

Bactrocera carambolae merupakan hama penting pada tanaman buahbuahan dan sayuran. Salah satu pengendalian yang dianggap relatif aman bagi manusia dan organisme lainnya, ialah penggunaan umpan pakan yang menarik (atraktan) lalat buah. Salah satu umpan atraktan ialah olahan limbah bir. Umpan atraktan limbah bir ini mengilhami potensi limbah lain untuk diteliti sebagai atraktan. Penelitian bertujuan meneliti potensi berbagai limbah yaitu kakao, tahu, ikan, brem, susu, tetes tebu, arak (ciu), vinase dan, sludge (limbah dari proses pembuatan gula) sebagai atraktan lalat buah. Limbah bir digunakan sebagai pembanding. Penelitian terdiri dari tiga tahap. Tahap pertama ialah untuk menguji potensi limbah dalam menarik B. carambolae. Pada tahap kedua, limbah terpilih yang mempunyai daya tarik tertinggi dianalisis untuk diidentifikasi senyawa atraktan yang mempunyai potensi menarik B. carambolae. Tahap ketiga dilakukan potensiasi limbah terpilih. Hasil penelitian tahap pertama menunjukkan bahwa B. carambolae jantan dan betina tertarik pada olahan limbah dibanding air. Uji ketertarikan B. carambolae pada berbagai limbah, berturut-turut dari daya tariknya yang kuat ke lemah ialah kakao, brem, tahu, ikan, sludge, susu, ciu, molase dan vinase. Tahap kedua ini difokuskan pada identifikasi senyawasenyawa dalam olahan kakao dan limbah bir. Analisis kimia menunjukkan bahwa limbah olahan kakao mengandung protein 12,98%, gula (1,17% gula reduksi dan sukrosa 0,12%), amonia 46,45 mg/100g dan enam senyawa volatile kompleks yang bersifat atraktan. Olahan limbah bir mengandung protein 12,45%, amonia 199,13mg/100g dan 16 senyawa volatil kompleks yang bersifat atraktan. Tahap ketiga ialah potensiasi olahan limbah kakao dengan menambahkan larutan amonium asetat 10%, larutan sukrosa 10% dan campuran ammonium asetat 10% dan sukrosa 10%. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa olahan limbah kakao ditambah dengan larutan amonium asetat 10% lebih menarik B. carambolae dibandingkan dengan larutan sukrosa 10% atau campuran keduannya. Penambahan larutan ammonium asetat 10% dapat meningkatkan daya tarik B. carambolae jantan sebesar 18% dan betina 12%, dibandingkan dengan olahan limbah kakao saja.

Bactrocera carambolae is an important pest on fruit trees and vegetables. One control measure practiced, which is considered relatively safe for human and other organisms, is the use of attractant food bait for fruit flies. One of such attractant baits is the processed beer waste. This kind of attractant bait has inspired the potency of other wastes to be observed as attractant. The study was proposed to observe several different wastes, i.e. cocoa, tofu, fish, brem (a Balinese liquor made of rice), milk, molasse, arrack, vinase and sludge (waste of sugar processing) as fruit fly attractants. Beer waste was used as a control. The study consisted of three phases. The first phase was to test the wastes’ potency in attracting B. carambolae. In the second phase, the selected wastes with the highest attractancy were analyzed to identify its potential as attracting compounds. The third phase was done by potentiating the selected wastes. The results of the first phase showed that both male and female of B. carambolae were more attracted by processed wastes than water. The attractancy test of different wastes, from the strongest to the weakest were respectively cocoa, brem, tofu, fish, sludge, milk, arrack, mollase, and vinase. The second phase was focused on the identifying of the attractant compounds in processed cacao and beer wastes. The chemical analysis showed that the processed cacao waste contains 12.98% proteins, sugar (1.17% reducing sugar and 0.12% sucrose), (46.45 mg/100g) ammonia and six complex volatile attractant compounds. The processed beer waste contents were 12.45% proteins, (199.13 mg/100g) ammonia and 16 complex volatile attractant compounds. The third phase was potentiating the processed cocoa waste by adding 10% ammonium acetate solution, 10% sucrose solution, and a mixture of the two. It was shown that the processed cocoa waste added with 10% ammonium acetate solution was more attractive to B. carambolae compared to those added with the 10% sucrose solution or mixture of 10% ammonium acetate and 10% sucrose. Addition of 10% ammonium acetate solution can improve the attractiveness of 18% males and 12% females of B. carambolae compare with processed cocoa waste only.

Kata Kunci : Olahan limbah, Bactrocera carambolae dan atraktan