PENGARUH ONSET LAKTASI TERHADAP PRAKTIK PEMBERIAN ASI PADA NEONATUS DI KOTA PALANGKA RAYA

Erina Eka Hastini, Prof. dr. Djaswadi D, MPH, SpOG(K),Ph.D.

2011 | Tesis | S2 Kesehatan Masyarakat/KIA

Latar Belakang: Pemberian ASI eksklusif secara nasional 32% masih sangat jauh dari target nasional sebesar 80%. Tahun 2008 cakupan ASI eksklusif Kota Palangkaraya masih sangat rendah hanya 9,84% dan tahun 2009 cakupan ASI eksklusif sekitar 12,82%, sedangkan data inisiasi menyusu dini tidak ditemukan. Beberapa penelitian menunjukkan bahwa onset laktasi berperan dalam pemberian makanan prelakteal ataupun susu formula. Dengan diketahuinya pengaruh onset laktasi terhadap pemberian ASI diharapkan dapat meningkatkan pemberian ASI secara penuh pada neonatus di Kota Palangkaraya. Tujuan Penelitian: Diketahuinya pengaruh onset laktasi terhadap pemberian ASI pada neonatus di Kota Palangkaraya Kalimantan Tengah. Metode penelitian: Rancangan penelitian kohort prospektif jumlah sampel 106 ibu yang mempunyai bayi usia 0-1 bulan. Variabel bebas adalah onset laktasi, variabel terikat adalah pemberian ASI sedangkan variabel luar adalah paritas, metoda persalinan, dan maternal overweight dan inisiasi menyusu dini. Analisis data yang digunakan analisis univariabel menggunakan distribusi frekuensi dan persentase, analisis bivariabel menggunakan uji chi-square, serta multivariabel menggunakan regresi logistik dengan program Stata versi 11.1. Hasil : Hasil multivariabel dengan permodelan menunjukkan hubungan yang bermakna antara onset laktasi dengan pemberian ASI pada neonatus (RR=1,9; 95%CI=1,05-3,49) dengan mengontrol variabel paritas, metode persalinan dan inisiasi menyusu dini dapat memberikan kontribusi sebesar 8% terhadap pemberian ASI pada neonatus. Kesimpulan : Pemberian ASI predominant lebih banyak terjadi pada ibu multipara, persalinan normal pervaginam dan yang dilakukan inisiasi menyusu dini.

Background: Compared to the national target in which the coverage is determined to be 80%, exclusive breastfeeding has only met 32% which is far from the target. In 2008, the coverage of exclusive breastfeeding in Palangkaraya Municipality was 9.84% which was considered very low and in 2009, however, the coverage only 12.82% with no number early initiation of breastfeeding found. Studies have shown that lactation onset plays important roles in pre-lacteal feeding or formula milk feeding. By being known the effect onset of lactation on breastfeeding practice, it is expected that this can improve breastfeeding among neonates fully in Palangkaraya Municipality. Objective: The known effect onset of lactation on breastfeeding among neonates in Palangkaraya Municipality, Central Kalimantan Province. Method: The design was prospective cohort with a sample size of 106 mothers who had a baby aged 0-1 month. The independent variable was lactation onset, the dependent variable was breastfeeding and the extraneous variables were parity, childbirth method, and maternal overweight as well as early initiation of breastfeeding. Data analysis used univariable analysis with frequency and percentage distribution, bivariable analysis with chi-square test, and multivariable analysis with logistic regression using Stata Version 11.1. Result: The multivariable result with modeling showed a significant relationship between onset of lactation and breastfeeding in neonates (RR=1,9; 95%CI=1,05-3,49) by controlling the variables of parity, childbirth method, and early initiation of breastfeeding that could contribute as much as 8% on breastfeeding among neonates. Conclusion: Predominant breastfeeding occurred more in multipara women, women with normal childbirth pervaginam and women who performed early initiation of breastfeeding.

Kata Kunci : onset laktasi, pemberian ASI, predominant breastfeeding.