PERBEDAAN KEAKTIFAN KADER DAN FAKTOR INTERNAL MAUPUN EKSTERNAL YANG BERHUBUNGAN DI WILAYAH KERJA PUSKESMAS DENGAN TINGKAT PARTISIPASI MASYARAKAT (D/S) TINGGI DAN RENDAH KOTA BANJARMASIN

Yasir Farhat, Abidillah Mursyid, SKM, MS.

2011 | Tesis | S2 Ilmu Kesehatan Masyarakat

Latar Belakang. Peran serta masyarakat mempunyai peranan penting dalam keberhasilan pembangunan, termasuk pembangunan kesehatan. Salah satu wujud peran serta masyarakat adalah posyandu. Posyandu mengajak masyarakat sadar memelihara kesehatan yang dikelola bersama oleh masyarakat dan puskesmas dibantu oleh kader secara aktif. Kehadiran kader mutlak dibutuhkan dalam posyandu dan cakupan penimbangan balita di posyandu (D/S) merupakan indikator yang berkaitan dengan cakupan pelayanan gizi pada balita. Tujuan Penelitian. Untuk mengetahui Perbedaan Keaktifan Kader dan Faktor Internal maupun Eksternal yang Berhubungan di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas dengan Tingkat Partisipasi Masyarakat (D/S) Tinggi dan Rendah Kota Banjarmasin. Metode Penelitian. Jenis penelitian adalah observasional analitik dengan metode analisis survei, menggunakan rancangan cross sectional dengan pendekatan kuantitatif dan kualitatif dengan wawancara mendalam. Penelitian dilaksanakan di posyandu wilayah kerja Puskesmas Sei Jingah (D/S tinggi) dan Puskesmas Pelambuan (D/S rendah). Sampel penelitian kuantitatif sebagian kader posyandu dan kualitatif kepala desa. Variabel yang diteliti keaktifan kader, tingkat partisipasi masyarakat (D/S), umur, tingkat pendidikan, status pekerjaan, tingkat pengetahuan, dukungan tokoh masyarakat (lurah) dan insentif. Instrumen penelitian adalah kuesioner dan telah dilakukan uji validitas dan reliabilitas. Analisis data univariat dan bivariat menggunakan Chi-square dan Mann-Whitney U. Hasil : Tidak ada perbedaan keaktifan kader antara Puskesmas D/S tinggi dan D/S rendah (p 0,701 > α 0,05), variabel bebas yang signifikan ada hubungan dengan keaktifan kader Puskesmas D/S tinggi adalah status pekerjaan (p 0,034 < α 0,05), Puskesmas D/S rendah adalah status pekerjaan (p 0,006 < α 0,05). Kesimpulan : Tingkat keaktifan kader 2 Puskesmas (D/S tinggi dan rendah) hampir sama. Semakin kader tidak bekerja semakin tinggi keaktifannya. Perlunya menambah pelayanan kesehatan selain pelayanan posyandu yang ada dan hendaknya memilih kader yang tidak bekerja,

Background: Community participation has important role in the success of development, including health development. Posyandu (integrated service post) is an actualization of community participation. Posyandu encourages the community to be aware in maintaining health collaboratively between the community and health center supported by active role of cadres. The presence of cadres is absolutely needed in Posyandu and coverage of weighing for underfives at Posyandu is an indicator related to coverage of nutrition service for underfives. Objective: To identify the difference in cadre participation and associated internal as well as external factors at the working area of health center with high and low community participation at Banjarmasin Municipality. Method: The study was analytic observational that used cross sectional design and quantitative as well as qualitative approach with indepth interview. The study was carried out at posyandu at the working area of Sei Jingah Health Center (high community participation) and Pelambuan Health Center (low community participation). Samples for qualitative data were obtained from cadres of posyandu and qualitative data from head of the village. Variables studied consisted of cadre participation, level of community participation, age, level of education, occupational status, knowledge, support of community leader (head of the village) and incentive. Research instrument was questionnaire of which its validity and reliability had been tested. Data analysis used univariate and bivariate method with chi square and Mann-Whitney U test. Result: There was no difference in participation/activeness of cadres between health center with high and low community participation (p 0.701> α0.05). Independent variable significantly associated with activeness of cadres in health center with high community participation was occupational status (p 0.034<α0.05) and occupational status (p0.006<α0.05). Conclusion: Activeness of cadres in both health centers (with high and low community participation) was relatively equal. Cadres with no occupational status tended to be more active. It was necessary to provide more services apart from posyandu and recommended to have unemployed cadres.

Kata Kunci : Tingkat Partisipasi Masyarakat (D/S), Keaktifan Kader, Posyandu