PENGARUH PEMBERIAN TABLET VITAMIN NEUROTROPIK TERHADAP KELUHAN MUSKULOSKELETAL AKIBAT KERJA PADA OPERATOR MESIN TENUN PT. A YOGYAKARTA

Ragil Ismi Hartanti, Dr, Prof. Dr. dr. Soebijanto

2011 | Tesis | S2 Ilmu Kesehatan Kerja

Latar Belakang. Gangguan muskuloskeletal akibat kerja merupakan salah satu penyakit akibat kerja yang masih banyak dijumpai pada berbagai industri di Indonesia, salah satunya adalah industri tekstil. Pekerja yang melakukan kegiatan produksi dengan berdiri, duduk, membungkuk, melakukan pekerjaan yang berulang-ulang, serta lingkungan kerja yang tidak ergonomis sering mengeluhkan gangguan muskuloskeletal. Berbagai upaya pencegahan seringkali mengalami hambatan untuk dilakukan sehingga keluhan muskuloskeletal tetap saja dirasakan. Salah satu alternatif penanganan yang efektif, aman, dan murah adalah dengan pemberian tablet vitamin neurotropik yang mengandung vitamin B1, B6, dan B12. Ketiganya disebut vitamin neurotropik karena efeknya pada sistem saraf dan otot dan kemampuannya yang mirip dengan obat-obat analgetik untuk mengurangi keluhan muskuloskeletal. Tujuan. Mengetahui pengaruh pemberian tablet vitamin neurotropik terhadap keluhan muskuloskeletal akibat kerja pada operator mesin tenun industri tekstil Metode. Metode penelitian menggunakan rancangan quasi experimental design yaitu one group pretest and posttest design. Jumlah sampel sebanyak 83 orang operator mesin tenun di PT. A yang diberi intervensi berupa pemberian tablet vitamin neurotropik yang berisi vitamin B1, B6, dan B12 sekali dalam sehari selama 30 hari (3 siklus kerja) dalam bentuk sediaan tunggal. Instrumen yang digunakan adalah Standardized Nordic Questionnaire (SNQ), diisi berdasarkan keadaan responden sebelum dan sesudah pemberian vitamin. Hasil. Pemberian tablet vitamin neurotropik terbukti dapat menurunkan keluhan : a) leher dan tengkuk, bahu, siku, punggung atas, pantat, lutut, kaki dan pergelangan kaki yang dirasakan 12 bulan sebelum pemberian vitamin; b) yang dirasakan mengganggu pekerjaan sehari-hari pada leher dan tengkuk, bahu, siku, punggung atas, pantat, kaki dan pergelangan kaki; c) yang dirasakan dalam 7 hari terakhir sebelum dan sesudah pemberian vitamin, yaitu pada leher dan tengkuk, bahu, siku, punggung atas, pantat, kaki dan pergelangan kaki. Kesimpulan. Pemberian tablet vitamin neurotropik pada operator mesin tenun terbukti dapat menurunkan keluhan muskuloskeletal. Hal ini dapat dijadikan alternatif yang efektif, aman, dan murah untuk menangani keluhan muskuloskeletal akibat kerja disamping mencari faktor-faktor penyebabnya.

Background. Work-related musculoskeletal disorder is one of occupational disorders that has high prevalence in manufacturing field in Indonesia including textile manufacture. The workers who have long and repeated activities such as sticking up, bending and doing non-ergonomic actions have suffered from musculoskeletal symptoms. Most of the preventive approaches to reduce those symptoms are difficult to be applied so that those symptoms are still the problems deteriorating their function. One of the alternative ways that is considered to be safe, effective, easy and cheap to treat them is an oral administration of neurotropic vitamin tablet, combination of vitamins B1, B6 and B12. Those vitamins are popular as neurotropic agent as its effect on nervous system and their “analgesic like effect” to relief musculoskeletal pain. Purpose. The aim of this study is to observe whether the administration of neurotropic vitamin tablet can reduce the musculoskeletal disorder of loom operators in textile manufacture Methods. This was a quasi experimental study with one group pretest and posttest design. Eighty three subjects of loom operators at PT. A Yogyakarta were included in this study and administered by neurotropic vitamin tablet once a day in 30 days . We observed the condition of musculoskeletal symptoms before-after the vitamins administration by using Standardized Nordic Questionnaire (SNQ). Result. The administration of neurotropic vitamin tablet was proven to be able to reduce the musculoskeletal symptoms that is suffered from in 12 months before administration in the area of neck and hind head, shoulder, upper back, elbow, gluteal muscle, leg and ankle. It also could reduce the daily disturbance in several areas of neck and hind back, shoulder, elbow, upper back, gluteal muscle, leg and ankle. The symptoms in seven days before and after administration have also been reduced especially in the area of neck and hind back, shoulder, elbow, upper back, gluteal area, leg and ankle. Conclusion. The administration of neurotropic vitamin tablet to loom operators could reduce musculoskeletal symptoms. This administration can be the alternative approach that is effective, safe and cheap to treat those symptoms in occupational disorders apart from finding out its etiology.

Kata Kunci : keluhan muskuloskeletal; operator mesin tenun; vitamin neurotropik