KAJIAN PENGEMBANGAN INSTITUSI BERBASIS MASYARAKAT DALAM UPAYA PERSIAPAN PENANGGULANGAN BENCANA (STUDI KASUS DESA INAOE KABUPATEN ROTE NDAO)

Desi Indramaya Adolfince Netimada Haning, Prof. Dr. Ir. Fatchan Nurrochmad, M.Agr.

2011 | Tesis | S2 Mag.Pengl.Bencana Alam

Dampak kekeringan terjadi pada hampir semua desa dan kelurahan di Kabupaten Rote Ndao, salah satunya adalah desa Inaoe. Berbagai upaya telah dilakukan pemerintah dan Lembaga Swadaya Masyarakat (LSM) untuk membantu masyarakat mengatasi masalah ini, tetapi bantuan-bantuan fisik ini menimbulkan ketergantungan masyarakat. Agar kondisi ini tidak terjadi dan untuk meningkatkan partisipasi masyarakat perlu dilakukan penyiapan kelembagaan atau intitusi swadaya masyarakat di desa. Penelitian dilakukan dengan metode Participatory Rural Appraisal (PRA) yang mendorong masyarakat sebagai subyek untuk mengidentifikasi, menilai, menganalisis, menyimpulkan situasi dan menyusun rencana serta tindakan secara mandiri. Pengumpulan data menggunakan teknik observasi, wawancara dan Focus Group Discussion (FGD), untuk mengumpulkan data pemahaman masyarakat tentang kekeringan dan masalah pengelolaan institusi di desa serta solusi perbaikan untuk pengembangan institusi dalam upaya persiapan penanggulangan kekeringan. Kemudian dilakukan tindakan (action research) yang berhubungan dengan pengembangan institusi berupa sosialisasi, pembentukan institusi dan pelatihan. Hasil penelitian diperoleh bahwa masyarakat cukup memahami mengenai bencana kekeringan, penyebab, dampak dan alternatif penanganannya serta penyebab gagalnya pengelolaan institusi di desa serta alternatif perbaikannya. Hasil pengolahan data diperoleh kelebihan dan kekurangan organisasi Tim Kerja Masyarakat (TKM), dan strategi prioritas yang dibutuhkan dalam penanganan kekeringan berdasarkan kapasitas masyarakat. Hasil tindakan prioritas yang dilakukan diperoleh organisasi ”Badan Pengelola” yang keberadaannya disesuaikan dengan kondisi atau potensi wilayah dan masyarakat yang diharapkan dapat mengurangi ketergantungan masyarakat pada pihak luar, serta meningkatnya partisipasi masyarakat melalui pelatihan dalam pengembangan institusi (Badan Pengelola) pada tingkatan ”Kewenangan Warga” menurut konsep Delapan Tangga Partisipasi Warga Sherry Arnstein.

The impact of drought was happened at most of villages at Rote Ndao District, East Nusa Tenggara Province. One of the villages is Inaoe. Many efforts had been conducted by the government and Non Profit Organization (NGO) to support the people in figuring out the problem, however this physical aids had caused dependence mentality at the people. In order this situation could be figured out and to increase the participation of the people, it should be conducted an institution self-supporting preparation of the community. This research was conducted by using Participatory Rural Appraisal (PRA) method which support the people as subject to identify, estimate, analyze, and making conclusion of the situation and arranges a plan as well as independent action. The data collection used observation, interview and Focus Group Discussion (FGD), in order to collect data of the people knowledge about the drought and the management institution at the village and improving solution to the institution development in effort to prepare the drought solution. Yet it was conducted an action research in relation with the institutional building such as socialization, institution formation and training. The result pointed that the people understand enough about the drought calamity, causing, impact and the handling alternative and the cause of institution management failure of the village and improvement alternatives. The data processing result obtained the strength and the weakness of organizing of the Society Work Team, and the priority strategy which needed in handling the drought based on the people capacity. The result of priority action which had been conducted by organization “Management Committee” which the existence is fixed to the situation or potency of the area and the society, and hopefully it can minimize the dependence of the people to outsiders, and increasing of people participation through institutional building training (Management Committee) at level of “People Authority” according to concept of Eight Participation Steps of Society of Sherry Arsntein.

Kata Kunci : Pemberdayaan masyarakat, pengembangan institusi, penanggulangan bencana