CITRA TUBUH, ASUPAN MAKAN DAN STATUS GIZI WANITA USIA SUBUR (WUS) PRANIKAH DI KOTA YOGYAKARTA

Yhona Paratmmitya, Prof. dr. Hamam Hadi, MS,Sc.D.

2011 | Tesis | S2 Ilmu Kesehatan Masyarakat

Latar Belakang : Wanita Usia Subur (WUS) merupakan calon ibu yang harus diperhatikan status kesehatannya, termasuk status gizinya. Status gizi wanita pra konsepsi akan sangat berpengaruh terhadap outcome kehamilannya. Masa pranikah dapat diartikan sebagai masa pra konsepsi, sehingga status gizi wanita pranikah perlu diperhatikan. Pada masa menjelang pernikahan, perhatian wanita terhadap citra tubuhnya mengalami peningkatan. Citra tubuh yang negatif dapat berpengaruh terhadap asupan makan yang pada akhirnya dapat mempengaruhi status gizinya. Pengaruh citra tubuh terhadap asupan makan dan status gizi wanita pranikah di negara-negara non-Western belum banyak diketahui. Tujuan Penelitian : Mengetahui adanya hubungan antara citra tubuh, asupan makan dan status gizi wanita usia subur (WUS) pranikah di Kota Yogyakarta. Desain Penelitian : Jenis penelitian observasional dengan rancangan cross sectional. Metode Penelitian : Penelitian dilakukan terhadap wanita usia subur (WUS) pranikah di wilayah Kotamadya Yogyakarta, yang datang ke Kantor Urusan Agama (KUA) untuk mendaftarkan pernikahannya atau untuk mengikuti penasehatan pranikah. Subyek penelitian berjumlah 157 orang. Pengukuran citra tubuh dilakukan menggunakan Body Shape Questionnaire-34 (BSQ34), asupan makan dengan metode semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire (SQFFQ) dan status gizi diklasifikasikan berdasarkan Indeks Massa Tubuh (IMT). Data dianalisis dengan uji Chi Square, uji-t, dan regresi logistik ganda, menggunakan program komputer. Hasil Penelitian : Sejumlah 12,1% responden diketahui mengalami ketidakpuasan terhadap citra tubuhnya. Faktor yang paling dominan mempengaruhi citra tubuh adalah pengaruh lingkungan (OR = 14,5). Hasil uji bivariat menunjukkan adanya hubungan antara citra tubuh dengan status gizi (p < 0,05), dengan OR 15,6. Hubungan antara citra tubuh dengan asupan makan tidak bermakna secara statistik (p > 0,05), sedangkan asupan makan dengan status gizi hubungannya bermakna (p < 0,05). Hasil analisis regresi logistik ganda menunjukkan bahwa faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan status gizi adalah citra tubuh, asupan karbohidrat, dan pengaruh lingkungan. Kesimpulan : Ada hubungan yang bermakna antara citra tubuh dengan status gizi. Tidak ada hubungan yang bermakna antara citra tubuh dengan asupan makan. Ada hubungan yang bermakna antara asupan energi, protein, lemak dan karbohidrat dengan status gizi.

Background : Premarital women of reproductive age is a prospective mother that should be noticed for their nutritional status, because it can affect their pregnancy outcome. Premarital period can be interpreted as pre conception period. As the wedding ceremony approach, concern of their body image is increasing. Negative body image can influence their dietary intake and their nutritional status. Research about the effect of pre-wedding body image on women’s dietary intake and nutritional status in non-western countries is still limited. Objective : The aim of this research was for describing the relationship between body image, dietary intake and nutritional status of premarital women of reproductive age in Yogyakarta city. Design : This research was an observational research with cross-sectional design. Method : Study was carried out on premarital women of reproductive age in Yogyakarta city who came to the religious affairs office to registered their marriage or followed the premarital advisory. The number of participant were 157 women. Body image was measured with Body Shape Questionnaire (BSQ-34), dietary intake was measured with Semi-Quantitative Food Frequency Questionnaire (SQFFQ), and nutritional status was classified based on Body Mass Index (BMI). Data were analyzed with Chi-Square test, t-test, and multiple logistic regression analysis. Result : Only 12,1% of participant who claimed their body image dissatisfaction. Dominant factor that influence their body image was environmental influence (OR = 14,5). The results of bivariat analysis showed the relationship of body image and nutritional status (p<0,05; OR = 15,6). Relationship between body image and dietary intake was not statistically significant.(p>0,05). Relationship between dietary intake and nutritional status was statistically significant (p<0,05). Multiple logistic regression analysis results showed the factors that associated with nutritional status were body image, carbohydrate intake and environmental influence. Conclusion : There were significant association between body image and nutritional status. No relationship between body image and dietary intake. Relationship between energy, protein, fat and carbohydrate intake with nutritional status was statistically significant.

Kata Kunci : WUS pranikah, citra tubuh, asupan makan,status gizi