ANALISIS PENGGUNAAN INSEKTISIDA MALATION DAN TEMEFOS TERHADAP VEKTOR DEMAM BERDARAH DENGUE Aedes aegypti DI KOTA KENDARI SULAWESI TENGGARA

MUBARAK,S. Kep, dr. Tri Baskoro T. Satoto, M.Sc., Ph.D.

2011 | Tesis | S2 Ilmu Kedokteran Tropis

Latar Belakang. Insektisida malation dan temefos telah lama digunakan di Kota Kendari dalam program pengendalian nyamuk Ae. aegypti sebagai vektor DBD, namun kasus demam berdarah masih tinggi. Di Kota Kendari belum ada laporan mengenai status kerentanan larva dan nyamuk Ae. aegypti terhadap insektisida malation dan temefos. Tujuan. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui hubungan frekuensi dan lama penggunaan insektisida malation dan temefos dengan status kerentanan larva dan nyamuk Ae.aegypti di kota kendari dan mengetahui mekanisme resistensi larva dan nyamuk Ae. aegypti. Metode. Penelitian ini merupakan jenis eksperimen observasional dengan rancangan deskriptif analitik. Subjek penelitian ini adalah larva dan nyamuk Ae. aegypti. Status kerentanan larva dan nyamuk Ae. aegypti terhadap insektisida malation dan temefos dilakukan uji biokimia dan bioassay. Hubungan frekuensi dan lama penggunaan malation dan temefos terhadap status kerentanan larva dan nyamuk Ae. aegypti dengan uji pearson dan One Way Anova. Hasil. Uji biokimia larva Ae.aegypti secara kwalitatif di Kelurahan Kadia, Rahandouna, Kasilampe dan Labibia memiliki status toleran dengan rerata skor 2,49; 2,15; 2,05; 2,50 dan Kelurahan Abeli dalam status rentan dengan rerata skor 1,77. Uji biokimia secara kwantitatif melalui pembacaan Spektrofotometer dengan λ=450 di Kelurahan Kadia, Rahandouna, Kasilampe, Labibia dan Abeli dalam ditemukan status kerentanan larva uji berturut-turut 0%, 3,33%, 23,33%, 0% dan 16,67%. Uji bioassay larva Ae. aegypti terhadap temefos untuk Kasilampe statusnya resisten (73,3%), Rahandouna toleran (89,3%) dan Kelurahan Kadia, Labibia dan Abeli dalam masih rentan (100%). Uji bioassay status kerentanan nyamuk Ae.aegypti terhadap malation sebesar 100% untuk semua kelurahan. Kesimpulan. Frekuensi dan lama pengunaan malation dan temefos melalui uji biokimia tidak berpengaruh secara signifikan terhadap penurunan status kerentanan larva Ae. aegypti sedangkan melalui uji bioassay berpengaruh secara signifikan. Peningkatan enzim esterase non spesifik pada larva Ae. aegypti pada uji biokimia bukan karena pengunaan temefos dan malation tetapi ada faktor lain yang belum diketahui.

Background: Malathion and temephos insecticides have long been used at Kendari Municipality in the program of Ae. aegypti mosquito as vector of DHF; however, DHF cases are still relatively high. At Kendari Municipality there is no report on susceptibility status of Ae. aegypti larva and mosquito against malathion and temephos insecticides. Objective: The study aimed to identify association between frequency and duration of use of malation and temephos and susceptibility status of Ae. aegypti larva and mosquito at Kendari Municipality and identify resistance mechanism of Ae. aegypti larva and mosquito. Method: The study was observational experiment that used analytic descriptive approach. Subject of the study were Ae. aegypti larva and mosquito. Susceptibility status of Ae. aegypti larva and mosquito against malathion and temephos was assessed through biochemical and bioassay tests. Association between frequency and duration of use of malathion and temephos and susceptibility status of Ae. aegypti larva and mosquito was tested using Pearson and One Way Anova. Result: Biochemical test of Ae. aegypti larva at counties of Kadia, Rahandouna, Kasilampe and Labibia qualitatively had tolerant status with average score 2.49; 2.15; 2.05; 2.50 and at Abeli had susceptible status with average score 1.77. Biochemical test through Spectrophotometer with λ=450 at counties of Kadia, Rahandouna, Kasilampe, Labibia and Abeli quantitatively showed susceptibility status of test larva were subsequently 0%, 3.33%, 23.33%, 0% and 16.67%.The result of bioassay test of Ae. aegypti larva against temephos at Kasilampe was resistant (73.3%), at Rahandouna tolerant (89.3%) and Kadia, Labibia and Abeli susceptible (100%). The result of bioassay test of susceptibility status of Ae. aegypti mosquito against malathion was 100% for all counties. Conclusion: Frequency and duration of use of malathion and temephos through biochemical test not affected significantly against downgrading susceptibility status of Ae. aegypti larva; whereas through bioassay test there was significant effect. Increase of non specific esterase enzyme in Ae. aegypti larva using biochemical test was not because of use of temephos and malathion but because there were other unknown factors.

Kata Kunci : Aedes aegypti, temefos, malation, tes bioassay, tes biokimia dan insektisida.