HUBUNGAN ANTARA ASUPAN IMMUNONUTRIENT DAN STATUS GIZI DENGAN ANGKA LIMFOSIT PADA LANSIA DI BANTENG BARU, KECAMATAN NGAGLIK KABUPATEN SLEMAN

Kanthi Permaningtyas Tritisari, dr. Probosuseno, SpPD, K-Ger

2011 | Tesis | S2 Ilmu Kesehatan Masyarakat

Latar Belakang: Penyakit infeksi merupakan penyebab kematian tersering ke dua dan penyebab utama morbiditas pada lansia. Beberapa faktor risiko yang menyebabkan lansia mudah mendapat penyakit infeksi yaitu karena kekurangan gizi, sistem imunitas yang menurun, berkurangnya fungsi berbagai organ tubuh, berkurangnya aktivitas jasmani, terdapatnya beberapa penyakit sekaligus (komorbiditas) yang menyebabkan daya tahan tubuh sangat berkurang. Sistem imunitas tubuh lansia ditingkatkan melalui upaya imunisasi dan asupan gizi terutama immunonutrient (protein, antioksidan, mineral). Tujuan Penelitian: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara asupan immunonutrient (protein, vitamin A, vitamin C, vitamin E, zink) dan status gizi dengan angka limfosit pada lansia di Banteng Baru, Kecamatan Ngaglik Kabupaten Sleman. Metode Penelitian: Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian observasional dengan rancangan cross sectional (potong lintang). Sampel yang diteliti adalah semua lansia yang tergabung di paguyuban lansia di Banteng Baru Kecamatan Ngaglik Kabupaten Sleman, yang memenuhi kriteria. Asupan immunonutrient dikumpulkan dengan Semi Quantitatif Food Frequency Questionnaire (SQFFQ) untuk 3 bulan terakhir, status gizi ditentukan berdasarkan Body Mass Armspan (BMA), angka limfosit diperoleh dari hasil pemeriksaan darah rutin (lengkap) dengan menggunakan metode hitung diferensial di laboratorium. Analisis bivariat menggunakan Chi Square dan multivariat menggunakan regresi logistik ganda. Hasil: Hasil uji statistik menunjukkan bahwa terdapat lima variabel yang berhubungan secara signifikan terhadap angka limfosit yaitu asupan protein (p=0,001; RP=4,509, CI 95%:1,737-11,706), asupan vitamin A (p=0,015; RP=3,542, CI 95%:1,57-7,976), asupan vitamin E (p=0,009; RP=3,143, CI 95%:1,274-7,755), asupan vitamin C (p=0,002; RP=3,964, CI 95%:1,746-9,0), dan status gizi. Sedangkan asupan zink, asupan cairan, kualitas tidur, psikologis, kesehatan fisik tidak berhubungan secara statistik dengan angka limfosit (p > 0,05 ). Kesimpulan: Ada hubungan yang signifikan antara asupan immunonutrient (protein, vitamin A, vitamin E, vitamin C) dan status gizi dengan angka limfosit. Tidak terdapat hubungan antara asupan zink dengan angka limfosit pada lansia.

Background: Infection disease is the second leading cause of death and the first cause of morbidity in the elderly. Some risk factors that cause the elderly easily get infection disease is lack of nutrition, declining immunity, degrading organ function, less physical activities and the presence of comorbidity that result in deteriorating physical stamina. The immun system in elderly can be increased by immunitation and nutrition intake especially immunonutrient (protein, antioxidant, mineral). Objective: The study aimed to identify association between intake of immunonutrient (protein, vitamin A, vitamin C, vitamin E, Zinc) and nutrition status and lymphocyte count of the elderly at Banteng Baru, Subdistrict of Ngaglik, Sleman. Method: The study was observational with cross sectional design. Samples were elderly that joined elderly group at Banteng Baru that met inclusion criteria. Intake of immunonutrient were obtained through Semi Quantitative Food Frequency Questionnaires (SQFFQ) within the last three months; nutrition status was based on Body Mass Armspan (BMA), lymphocyte count was obtained from the result of routine blood examination (complete) using differential calculation method at the laboratory. Bivariate analysis used chi square and multivariate used double logistic regression. Result: The result of statistical test showed there were four variables significantly associated with lymphocyte level, i.e. intake of protein (p=0,001; RP=4,509, CI 95%:1,737-11,706), vitamin A (p=0.015; RP=3.542, CI 95%: 1.57-7.976), vitamin E (p=0.009; RP=3.143, CI 95%:1.274-7.755), vitamin C (p=0.002; RP=3.964, CI 95%; 1.746-9.0) and nutrition status. Meanwhile, intake of zinc, intake of fluid, quality of sleep, psychological and physical health statistically had no significant association with lymphocyte count (p>0.05). Conclusion: There was significant association between intake of immunonutrient (protein, vitamin A, vitamin E, vitamin C) and nutrition status and lymphocyte count. There was no association between intake of zinc and lymphocyte count of the elderly.

Kata Kunci : asupan immunonutrient, status gizi, limfosit, lansia