PENGOMPOSAN CAMPURAN JERAMI PADI-SERBUK GERGAJI-KOTORAN TERNAK MENGGUNAKAN \\"STARTER RAGI ISI RUMEN\\"

HARI PENI SRI PAMEDAR, Ir. Siti Syamsiah, Ph.D.

2011 | Tesis | S2 Mag.Sistem Teknik

Limbah organik dapat menimbulkan masalah lingkungan. Lignoselulosa adalah bahan penyusun dinding sel. Lignoselulosa tersusun atas selulosa, hemiselulosa dan lignin yang sulit didegradasi secara alami. Salah satu cara untuk mengatasinya adalah dengan pengomposan. Jerami padi, serbuk gergaji dan kotoran ternak merupakan limbah organik yang dapat dimanfaatkan menjadi kompos. Di sisi lain isi rumen dari limbah pemotongan hewan dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai inokulum untuk mempercepat proses pengomposan, fermentasi memperbanyak jumlah mikrobia (hasilnya disebut RIR). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui efek penambahan RIR terhadap kecepatan pengomposan dan mengkaji kualitas kompos yang dihasilkan. Metode yang digunakan adalah pembuatan kompos dengan variasi penambahan RIR dengan 5 perlakuan, yaitu RIR: 0%, 1%, 2% dan 4% serta 2% isi rumen. Perbandingan berat (kg) bahan organik Jerami padi, serbuk gergaji dan kotoran ternak adalah 5 : 1 : 4, dalam kotak pengompos kayu 50 X 50 X 50 cm. Dilakukan pengkajian terhadap proses pengomposan, meliputi : pengukuran suhu, volume, berat, pH dan kelembaban serta kualitas kompos. Kualitas kimia meliputi C, N, C/N rasio, N, P dan K. Pengomposan matang jika suhu, berat dan pH telah stabil. Desain penelitian menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL), data yang diperoleh dianalisis dengan ANOVA. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penambahan RIR dapat mempercepat proses pengomposan. Waktu pengomposan dengan inokulum RIR 4% adalah 17 hari,7 hari lebih cepat dibandingkan tanpa starter. Kualitas kompos meliputi suhu, pH, kadar air, C, N, C/N rasio, P dan K memenuhi SNI 17-7030-2004. Dengan ANOVA menunjukkan bahwa nilai rata-rata kualitas kompos secara kimia untuk setiap perlakuan adalah berbeda nyata. Kualitas kompos RIR 4% adalah : suhu 30 derajat C, pH 7,49, kadar air 36%, C : 11,61%; N : 0,97%; C/N ratio : 12; P : 0,44% dan K : 2,13%. Dalam kompos masih ditemukan adanya saponin.

Organic waste can cause environmental problem. Lignocelluloses presents as a building block of plant cell wall structure. The main constituent of lignocelluloses are cellulose along with hemicelluloses and lignin that they are difficult to degrade naturally. One way to overcome them by composting. Rice straw-sawdust-animal dung is an organic waste of which can be exploited to become compost. On the other hand contents of rumen from slaughtering waste can be exploited as inoculum to fasten composting process. The fermentation multiplies number of microbes (it’s called as RIR). This research aims to know the effect of RIR addition toward the rate of composting process and to study the quality of yielded compost. The method applied was making of compost with five various RIR treatments. They were : RIR 0%, RIR 1%, RIR 2% RIR 4%, and 2% contents of rumen. The composition of organic material (rice strawsawdust- animal dung) was 5 kg : 1 kg : 4 kg and set in container 50 cm X 50 cm X 50 cm. This research examined composting process and the quality. The composting process involved : measurement of temperature, volume, weight, pH and water content. The quality of compost included : C, N, C/N ratio, N, P and K. The compost was supposed to be mature if temperature, pH and weight were stable. The experiment design was using complete Randomized Design. The analyzing was using ANOVA. The result of research indicated that addition of RIR could fasten composting process. Composting time with inoculum RIR 4% was 17 days, 7 days faster than without starter. The quality of compost included C, N, C/N ratio, P and K have reached SNI 17-7030-2004. ANOVA shown that the average chemical value of each treatment by RIR addition were different significantly. The compost of RIR 4% has reached quality of compost, which have temperature 30 degree C, pH 7,49, water content 36%, C : 11,61%, N : 0,97%, C/N ratio : 12, P : 0,44% and K : 2,13%. Saponin found in yielded compost.

Kata Kunci : bahan organik, RIR, kompos, kecepatan, kualitas kompos