PELAKSANAAN KEBIJAKAN PEMERINTAH TENTANG PENGGUNAAN OBAT GENERIK DI RUMAH SAKIT UMUM PEMERINTAH TIPE B SE EKS KARESIDENAN SURAKARTA

NUTRISIA AQUARIUSHINTA SAYUTI, Prof. Dr. Djoko Wahyono, SU., Apt.

2011 | Tesis | S2 Mag.Manaj.Farmasi

Dalam rangka memenuhi kebutuhan obat dan untuk menjamin aksesibilitas obat di masyarakat, pemerintah melakukan revitalisasi terhadap kebijakan obat generik melalui Peraturan Menteri Kesehatan Republik Indonesia Nomor HK.02.02/MENKES/068/I/2010 tentang Kewajiban Menggunakan Obat Generik di Fasilitas Pelayanan Kesehatan Pemerintah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pelaksanaan kebijakan penggunaan obat generik di tiga Rumah Sakit Umum Pemerintah tipe B se-eks karesidenan Surakarta. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif dengan menggunakan kombinasi data kuantitatif dan kualitatif. Data kuantitatif berasal dari jumlah obat generik di formularium dan lembar resep yang terdapat di instalasi farmasi rawat jalan dan rawat inap bulan Juli sampai September 2010. Data kualitatif diambil dari hasil wawancara kepada Ketua Panitia Farmasi dan Terapi dan Ketua Instalasi Farmasi di tiga rumah sakit se-eks Karesidenan Surakarta. Sampel lembar resep diambil secara proportionate stratified random sampling. Penetapan jumlah sampel dilakukan berdasarkan Rumus Solvin, dengan probabilitas 95 % ( = 0,05). Data kuantitatif disajikan dalam bentuk tabel untuk melihat perubahan secara visual. Data kualitatif disajikan secara tekstual, sebagai penunjang data kuantitatif. Dari hasil penelitian dapat diambil kesimpulan bahwa tidak semua obat yang terdapat di formularium adalah generik (persentase obat generik yang ada di formularium adalah 33,81 %), obat generik yang terdapat di formularium tidak sesuai dengan Kepmenkes (persentase kesesuaian obat generik di formularium terhadap kepmenkes adalah 75,47 %) , penggunaan obat generik yang terdapat di formularium belum maksimal (persentase item obat generik yang sering diresepkan berdasarkan formularium 74,02 %, persentase item obat generik yang terlayani terhadap yang diresepkan 97,57 %, persentase item obat generik di formularium yang ditulis obat bermerk 14,26 %), perilaku peresepan obat generik belum maksimal (persentase resep obat generik 80,67 %), hampir semua resep obat generik yang masuk di rumah sakit terlayani (persentase resep obat generik yang diganti obat bermerk 0,30 %, persentase resep obat generik yang tidak terlayani 0,32 %), obat bermerk yang diresepkan belum disubstitusi menjadi obat generik (persentase resep obat bermerk yang diganti generik adalah 8,81 %). Kendala dalam pelaksanaan kebijakan pemerintah tentang penggunaan obat generik di rumah sakit umum tipe B se-eks Karesidenan Surakarta adalah ketidakaktifan Panitia Farmasi dan Terapi dalam sosialisasi dan merevisi formularium agar lebih sesuai dengan kebijakan pemerintah tentang penggunaan obat generik.

In order to fulfill the needs of medicine supply as well as to guarantee its stability in the society, the government commits to have a revitalization to the policy of generic medicine through the Regulation of Health Ministry of Indonesia number HK. 02.02/MENKES/068/I/2010 about The Compulsory of Using Generic medicine in all government health centers. This research aimed to recognize the implementation of the policy that encouraged medics to use generic medicine in three government public type-B hospitals throughout former Surakarta residency. This is a descriptive research by applying the combination of qualitative and quantitative data. The quantitative data were taken from the quantity of generic medicine in formulary and prescription form in pharmacy outpatient and inpatient on July – September 2010. The qualitative data were taken from the result of interview to the Head of Pharmacy and Treatment Committee and the Head of Pharmacy Office in three hospitals located in the former Surakarta residence. The sample for this research was taken in a proportionate stratified random sampling method. The decision to have number of sample was done based on Solvin Formula, with 95% of probability ( = 0,05). The quantitative data was served in the table form to see a change visually. The qualitative data was served textually, as the support for the quantitative data. From the research result, it could be concluded that not all of medicine that were stored in formulary was a generic one (with the percentage of 33,81%), the stored medicine in formulary was not appropriate with The Regulation of Health Ministry (with the percentage of 75, 47%), medicine in formulary had not been maximally used (the percentage of generic medicine that was mentioned in prescription based on formulary was 74, 02%, the percentage of medical store service to the supply of generic medicine was 97, 52%, the percentage of generic medicine that was written as a branded medicine in formulary was 14, 26%), the attitude of making a prescription on generic medicine has not applied maximally yet (with the percentage of 80, 67%), almost all of generic medicine within hospitals was underserved (with the percentage of 0,30 % for generic medicine that later changed into a branded one and 0,32 % that was not available at all), a branded medicine that was written in the prescription had not been substituted into a generic one (with the percentage of 8, 81% for those which had already been converted into generic). An obstacle in the realization of government policy about the use of generic medicine in the public type B hospitals from all former Surakarta residency was related to the passiveness of Pharmacy Committee and Therapy in making a socialization and in revising formulary in order to make it more appropriate with the government policy about the use of generic medicine.

Kata Kunci : Obat generik, kebijakan obat generik, Rumah Sakit tipe B.