HUBUNGAN LAMA MENONTON TELEVISI DENGAN PERKEMBANGAN KOGNITIF ANAK PLAYGROUP

Anak Agung Ayu Windi Antari, Prof. dr. Djauhar I., SpA(K)., MPH., Ph.D.

2011 | Tesis | S2 Ked.Klinik/MS-PPDS

Keberadaan televisi tidak bisa dihindari dari kehidupan anak. Belum banyak literatur yang membahas tentang hubungan lama menonton televisi dengan perkembangan kognitif anak, terutama anak prasekolah seperti playgroup. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian potong lintang untuk mengetahui hubungan antara lama menonton televisi dengan kemampuan kognitif anak playgroup yang dilakukan pada 6 playgroup di Denpasar. Subyek penelitian diambil dari anak playgroup yang telah memenuhi kriteria inklusi dan eksklusi. Besar sampel adalah 135 orang. Pada anak playgroup dilakukan pengukuran perkembangan kognitif dengan instrumen Mullen Scale’s of Early Learning (MSEL). Dilakukan analisis dengan uji One Way Anova, Post Hoc, dan regresi linear dengan kemaknaan p<0,05. Terdapat perbedaan bermakna rerata Composite Standard Score pada anak playgroup yang menonton televisi kurang dari 1 jam, 1-2 jam, dan lebih dari 2 jam per hari (p=0,035). Rerata Composite Standard Score pada anak yang menonton 1-2 jam lebih tinggi 6,087 poin dibandingkan dengan anak yang menonton televisi kurang dari 1 jam (p=0,013 IK95% 1,29;10,88) dan 4,213 poin lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan anak yang menonton televisi lebih dari 2 jam per hari (p=0,045 IK95% 1,08;8,51). Tidak terdapat hubugan bermakna antara lama menonton televisi dengan perkembangan kognitif anak secara statistik setelah dilakukan regresi linear. Terdapat hubungan bermakna antara keberadaan televisi dalam kamar tidur anak dengan perkembangan kognitif anak dengan persamaan regresi Composite Standard Score = 113,818-4,196 (televisi dalam kamar). Anak prasekolah sebaiknya tidak mempunyai televisi dalam kamar tidurnya dan dibatasi menonton televisi hanya 1-2 jam per hari dengan catatan menonton tayangan yang bersifat mendidik.\

The existence of television cannot be avoided in a child’s life. There are not many literature discussed the association between the length of time of watching television and the cognitive development of a child, especially a preschool children as in playgroup. We conducted a cross sectional study to identify the association between television viewing time with the cognitive development of children who performed at 6 playgroup in Denpasar. The research subject is taken from the child playgroup that has met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Total sample were 135 people. We measured the cognitive development of playgroup children's by using Mullen Scales of Early Learning (MSEL). Analyzed by One Way Anova test, Post Hoc, and linear regression with significance p<0,05. There is significant differences mean of Composite Standard Score in children who watched television less than 1 hour, 1-2 hours, and more than 2 hours per day (p=0.035). Mean of Composite Standard Score in children who watched television 1- 2 hours had 6,087 more point than children who watched television less than 1 hour (p=0,013 95%CI 1,29;10,88) and had 4,213 more point than children who watched television more than 2 hours (p=0,045 95%CI 1,08;8,51). There are not association between the length of time watching television and the cognitive development. There are association between television in bedroom and the cognitive development with linear model, Composite Standard Score = 113,818-4,196 (television in bedroom). This conclusion leading the pediatrician to counseling that television has a relation with the child's cognitive development. Time watching television on children playgroup needs to get attention for the negative impact of television on cognitive development of children can be avoided. We suggested preschool children to watch television for 1-2 hours per day, noteably educational program.

Kata Kunci : menonton televisi, kognitif, playgroup, tes Mullen