EFEK PENTA PEPTIDA (Trp-Phe-Ile-Leu-Lys) DAN SUSU KEDELAI FERMENTASI STERIL TERHADAP PROFIL LIPID TIKUS SPRAGUE DAWLEY HIPERKOLESTEROLEMIA

Effatul Afifah, Prof. Dr. Dra. Wiryatun Lestariana, Apt.

2011 | Tesis | S2 Kesehatan Masyarakat/GK

Latar belakang : Peningkatan kadar kolesterol total dan Low Density Lipoprotein (LDL) merupakan faktor resiko terjadinya penyakit kardiovaskuler. Diperkirakan tahun 2020 penyakit kardiovaskuler akan menjadi penyebab kematian paling tinggi di dunia. Beberapa penelitian membuktikan bahwa protein kedelai bersifat hipokolesterolemik baik pada manusia maupun pada hewan coba. Susu kedelai yang merupakan produk olahan dari kedelai diduga mempunyai efek hipokolesterolemik dari aktivitas biogenic protein kedelai. Peptida (Trp-Phe-Ile-Leu-Lys) merupakan peptida dari susu kedelai fermentasi steril yang mampu mengikat kolesterol secara in vitro. Kemampuan pengikatan kolesterol secara in vitro tersebut dimungkinkan peptida (Trp-Phe-Ile-Leu-Lys) dapat menurunkan kolesterol secara in vivo. Tujuan : Mengetahui efek pemberian penta peptida (Trp-Phe-Ile-Leu-Lys) terhadap profil lipid tikus Sprague Dawley hiperkolesterolemia. Metode : Hewan coba pada penelitian ini dengan menggunakan 48 ekor tikus Sprague Dawley jantan berumur 2-3 bulan dengan berat ± 200 g. Tedapat tiga intervensi perlakuan pada penelitian ini. Pertama, pada masa adaptasi tikus diberi pakan standar selama 1 minggu; kedua, pada minggu kedua pemberian pakan hiperkolesterol; ketiga, 3 minggu masa perlakuan, terlebih dahulu tikus dibagi menjadi 8 kelompok dan masing-masing kelompok terdiri dari 6 ekor tikus. 4 kelompok tikus diberi pakan standar dan 4 kelompok tikus diberi pakan hiperkolesterol dengan pemberian yaitu kelompok tanpa perlakuan (placebo), kelompok perlakuan obat kolesterol, kelompok perlakuan susu kedelai fermentasi steril, kelompok perlakuan penta peptida (Trp-Phe-Ile-Leu-Lys) dengan kadar 0,5 mg/kg BB tikus/hari. Pengukuran profil lipid dilakukan pada minggu ke-1,2 dan 5. Pada akhir penelitian dilakukan analisa kolesterol digesta. Hasil : Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa setelah 3 minggu perlakuan penta peptida (Trp-Phe-Ile-Leu-Lys) secara signifikan dapat menurunkan kadar kolesterol total, LDL dan trigliserida dengan (p<0,05), dan mampu menaikkan kadar HDL secara signifikan (p<0,05), serta terdapat peningkatan kadar kolesterol digesta pada tikus. Kesimpulan : Dari hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa pemberian penta peptida (Trp-Phe-Ile-Leu-Lys) terbukti mampu menurunkan kadar kolesterol total, LDL dan trigliserida serta meningkatkan kadar HDL pada tikus hiperkolesterolemia.

Background: Increased level of total cholesterol and Low Density Lipoprotein (LDL) are risk factors for the incidence of cardiovascular disease. It is estimated that in 2020 cardiovascular disease will become the major cause of death worldwide. Some studies show that soybean protein is hypocholesterolimic that is good either for humans or animals. Soybean milk as product of soybean is presumed to have hypocholesterolimic effect from biogenic activities of soybean protein. Peptides (Trp-Phe-lle-Leu-Lys) are produced by steril fermented soybean milk that is able to bind cholesterol in vitro. The capacity to bind cholesterol in vitro enables peptides to minimize cholesterol in vitro. Objective: To identify the effect of penta peptide supllementation to the lipid profile of hypercholesterolimic Sprague Dawley rats. Method: As many as 48 male Sprague Dawley rats of 2-3 months and + 200 g weight were used as experiment animals in the study. There were three experiment interventions. Firstly, during adaptation period the mice were given standard feeding within a week; secondly, in the second week the rats were given hypercholesterolimic feeding; thirdly, within three week experiment the rats were divided into 8 groups, each consisted of 6 rats. 4 groups of rats were given standard feeding and 4 groups of rats were given hypercholesterol feeding with no supplement (placebo) in group 1, supplemented with drugs that minimized cholesterol in group 2, with steril fermented soybean milk in group 3, and with penta peptide in group 4 as much as 0.5 mg/kg weight of rats/day. Assessment of lipid profile was made in week 1,2 and 5. Analysis of caecal digesta cholesterol was made at the end of the study. Result: The result of the study showed that after 3 week experiment penta peptide could significantly minimize total cholesterol, LDL and trigliceride level (p<0.05) and significantly increase HDL level (p<0.05). There was increase of caecal digesta cholesterol level in the rats. Conclusion: The result of the study concluded that penta peptide supplementation was able to minimize level of total cholesterol, LDL, trigliserida and to increase level HDL in hypercholesterolimic rats.

Kata Kunci : peptida (Trp-Phe-Ile-Leu-Lys), susu kedelai fermentasi steril, profil lipid, hiperkolesterolemia.