PENGARUH KOMUNIKASI INFORMASI DAN EDUKASI (KIE) GIZI DENGAN PEMANFAATAN KEARIFAN MAKANAN LOKAL TERHADAP POLA PEMBERIAN MAKAN, ASUPAN GIZI DAN STATUS GIZI PADA BALITA GIZI KURANG PENDUDUK ASLI PAPUA DI KOTA JAYAPURA PROVINSI PAPUA

ROSLIEN MANUSIWA, Toto Sudarso, SKM., M.Kes.

2011 | Tesis | S2 Kesehatan Masyarakat/GK

Latar belakang: Provinsi Papua mempunyai potensi persediaan bahan pangan lokal yang sangat besar, terutama ubi-ubian dan sagu, yang sejak dulu digunakan sebagai makanan pokok masyarakat Papua. Namun tingkat konsumsinya sangat rendah,dan kecil. Tingkat konsumsi bahan lokal perhari ternyata lebih rendah dari pada sumber karbohidrat lainnya. Tujuan Penelitian: Untuk mengetahui rata-rata perbedaan komunikasi informasi dan edukasi (KIE) Gizi dengan pemanfaatan kearifan makanan lokal terhadap pola pemberian makan, asupan gizi dan status gizi pada balita gizi kurang penduduk asli Papua di kota Jayapura Papua, provinsi Papua. Metodologi : Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kuasi eksperimen. Sampel penelitian adalah balita gizi kurang yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi, jumlah sampel 80 balita terdiri dari 40 balita kelompok intervensi dan 40 balita dan kelompok kontrol. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di wilayah kerja puskesmas Abepura, Koya Barat dan Hamadi. Hasil penelitian dianalisa menggunakan paired t test dan independen t test. Hasil : Hasil uji statistik t test menunjukkan sebelum perlakuan pada kelompok intervensi dan kontrol tidak ada perbedaan yang signifikan pada pola makan lokal dan non lokal, asupan gizi dan status gizi balita nilai p>0.05. Hasil uji paired t test sesudah perlakuan berupa KIE gizi dengan menggunakan leaflet, poster dan resep bahan makanan lokal, pada pola makan lokal dan non lokal tidak ada perbedaan signifikan nilai p>0.05. Ada perbedaan signifikan pada kecukupan asupan energi kelompok intervensi nilai p<0.05 dan ada perbedaan signifikan pada kecukupan asupan karbohidrat kelompok intervensi dan kelompok kontrol nilai p<0.05. Tidak ada perbedaan signifikan kecukupan asupan protein kelompok intervensi dan kontrol nilai p > 0.05 dan ada perbedaan signifikan status gizi kelompok intervensi nilai p<0.05. Perubahan akibat perlakuan hasil uji independen t test tidak ada perbedaan signifikan terhadap pola makan lokal dan non lokal, kecukupan asupan energi, protein dan karbohidrat nilai p<0.05, ada perbedaan signifikan KIE gizi terhadap status gizi balita nilai p<0.05 Kesimpulan : Tidak ada perbedaan rata-rata pola makan lokal dan non lokal, ada perbedaan rata-rata kecukupan asupan energi dan karbohidrat, tidak ada perbedaan rata-rata kecukupan asupan protein dan ada perbedaan rata-rata status gizi balita dengan indikator BB/U berdasarkan z skor.

Background : The Province of Papua has the potential for abundant local food stock, particularly various kinds of tubers and sago, that have become staple foods of Papua for long. However, consumption level of such food is relatively low and little. Consumption of local foods per day is lower than that of other sources of carbohydrate. Objective : To identify the average difference of nutrition education and information communication and the utilization of local wisdom to feeding pattern, nutrient intake and nutrition status of undernourished underfives local inhabitans of Papua at Jayapura Municipality, Province of Papua. Study Design : The study was a Quasy Experiment. Samples of the study were undernourished underfives that met inclusion criteria as many as 80 underfives consisting of 40 from the intervention group and 40 from the control group. The study was undertaken at Abepura, Koya Barat and Hamadi Health Centers. The result of the study was analysed using paired t test and independent t test. Results : The result of statistical t test showed before experiment there was no difference in eating pattern of local and non local food, nutrient intake and nutrition status of underfives (p>0.05) between the intervention group and the control group. The result of paired t-test after Nutrition Education and Information Communication through leaflet, poster and local food recipes showed there was no significant difference (p>0.05) in local and non local food eating pattern. There was significant difference of energy intake suffiensi in the intervetion group (p>0,05) and there was significant difference of carbohydrate intake sufficiency in the intervention group and control group (p<0.05). There was no difference of protein intake sufficiency between the intervention and the control group and there was significant difference of nutrition status in the intervention group (p<0.05). The result of independent t-test showed there was no significant difference of nutrition education and information communication to eating pattern of local and non local food, energy intake sufficiency, protein and carbohydrate (p>0.05), there was significant difference of nutrition education and information communication to underfives nutrition status (p<0.05) Conclusion : There was no average difference of local and non local food eating pattern, there was average difference of energy and carbohydrate intake sufficiency, there was no average difference of protein intake sufficiency and there was average difference of underfives nutrition status with weight/age indicator z score based.

Kata Kunci : Komunikasi informasi dan edukasi gizi, kearifan lokal, pola makan, asupan gizi dan status gizi.