PENGARUH PEMBERIAN MAKANAN F100 DENGAN BAHAN SUBSTITUSI TEPUNG TEMPE TERHADAP STATUS PROTEIN PASIEN ANAK DENGAN GIZI KURANG

Diniyah Kholidah, dr. Endy Pardjanto, SpAk., MPH.

2011 | Tesis | S2 Kesehatan Masyarakat/GK

Latar Belakang : Berbagai upaya menutup kelemahan F100 dengan pengembangan bahan substitusi sumber lemak/protein dengan bahan makanan yang mempunyai kandungan energi dan zat gizi, bioavailabilitas tinggi, serta relatif murah. Tujuan Penelitian : Menganalisis pengaruh pemberian makanan F100 dengan bahan substitusi tepung tempe terhadap status protein (serum protein total dan albumin serum) pasien anak dengan gizi kurang. Metode Penelitian : Penelitian eksperimental dengan randomized control clinical trial pada 30 anak kurang gizi yaitu uji klinis open trial dua kelompok perlakuan, pemberian F100 dan substitusi F100 (isokalori dan isoprotein) selama 14 hari. Penelitian dilakukan April - Agustus 2010 di ruang rawat inap anak RSU Dr. Saiful Anwar Malang. Data asupan makanan menggunakan visual comstock dan 24 hour food recall. Data protein serum total menggunakan metode Biuret dan albumin serum menggunakan metode celulose acetate electrophoresis. Analisis univariat karakteristik subyek penelitian menggunakan uji Pearson Chi-Square. Analisis bivariat perbedaan kadar protein serum total, kadar albumin serum dan asupan energi-zat gizi antar perlakuan menggunakan unpaired T-test. Hasil : Hasil uji unpaired T-test rata-rata asupan energi, protein, lemak dan karbohidrat menunjukkan tidak terdapat perbedaan signifikan antar perlakuan (p > 0,05). Hasil uji kadar protein serum total dan kadar albumin serum menunjukkan tidak terdapat perbedaan signifikan antar perlakuan dengan p = 0,240 (kadar protein serum total) dan p = 0,774 (kadar albumin serum). Hasil uji koefisien korelasi menunjukkan terdapat hubungan yang tidak bermakna antara asupan energi dan zat gizi dengan kadar protein serum total dan kadar albumin serum ( p > 0,05). Derajat keeratan hubungan antara asupan energi dan zat gizi dengan kadar protein serum total dan kadar albumin serum menunjukkan hubungan yang lemah ( r > 0,25). Kesimpulan : Formula substitusi F100 sebagai makanan tambahan dapat digunakan sebagai makanan alternatif dalam terapi diet anak malnutrisi fase rehabilitasi. Formula substitusi F100 dapat dihubungkan dengan salah satu prediktor akurat dan sensitif (status protein) dalam evaluasi pasien anak malnutrisi.

Background: Much effort has been made to counter the weaknesses of F100 through the development of substitute food as source of fat/protein with food containing energy and nutrient, high bioavailability and relatively low cost. Objective: To analyze effect of F100 supplementation using substitute tempeh flour on protein status (total protein serum and serum albumin) of undernourished pediatric patients. Method: Experimental research with randomized control clinical trial in 30 undernourished children consisting of open clinical trial in two experiment groups, supplementation of F100 and substitute F100 (isoenergetic and isoprotein diet) within 14 days. The study was undertaken in April-August 2010 at pediatric inpatient room of Dr. Saiful Anwar Hospital Malang. Data of food intake were obtained through visual comstock and 24 hour food recall; data of total serum protein through Biuret method and serum albumin through cellulose acetate electrophoresis method. Univariate analysis of the subject characteristics used Pearson chi square test. Bivariate analysis of the difference of total serum protein level, serum albumin level and intake of energy-nutrient of each experiment used unpaired T-test. Result: The result of unpaired T-test on average intake of energy, protein, fat and carbohydrate showed there was no significant difference in each experiment (p>0.05). The test result of total serum protein level and serum albumin level showed there was no significant difference in each experiment with p=0.240 (total serum protein level) and p=0.774 (serum albumin level). The result of correlation coefficient test showed there was no significant association between intake of energy and nutrient and total serum level and serum albumin level (p>0.05). Degree of association between intake of energy and nutrient and level of total serum protein and serum albumin showed the association was weak (r>0.25). Conclusion: Formula of F100 substitute as complementary food could be used as alternative food in diet therapy of malnourished children on rehabilitation phase. Formula of F100 substitute could be associated with one of accurate and sensitive predictor (protein status) in the evaluation of malnourished pediatric patients.

Kata Kunci : malnutrisi, F100, substitusi F100, kadar protein serum total, kadar albumin serum