TEKANAN UNILATERAL AS UNTUK MENGUASAI PASAR DOMESTIK NEGARA BERKEMBANG (STUDI KASUS USTR SPECIAL 301 REPORT TERKAIT PEMBAJAKAN HAK CIPTA SOFTWARE DI INDONESIA)

Rudi Rusdiah, Drs. Muhadi Sugiono, MA.

2011 | Tesis | S2 Ilmu Politik/Hubungan Internasional

Tesis menganalisa Tekanan AS melalui Diplomasi dipimpin oleh US Trade Representative (USTR) bersama institusi swasta (IIPA, BSA dan IDC) memanfaatkan laporan pengaduan US SPECIAL 301 Review kepada Menteri Perdagangan RI, berikut lampirannya Global Piracy Report yang setiap tahun dan secara sistemik dan unilateral menempatkan Indonesia sebagai Pembajak Kelas Dunia atau status PWL (Priority Watch List). Menurut laporan, dikarenakan Indonesia kurang melakukan law enforcement terhadap pembajakan software diwilayahnya, sehingga ditenggarai sangat merugikan industri software AS. Tesis meneliti bagaimana AS menguasai pasar software negara berkembang dengan melakukan tekanan kepada Pemerintah RI dengan alasan Pemerintah RI tidak melakukan law enforcement terhadap pembajakan sehingga merugikan industri dan eskpor software AS ? Penelitian deskriptif dan pengujian hipotesa dengan berbagai teori regim Hubungan Internasional , teori Etika dan Praktek Diplomasi serta Politik Ekonomi Global (PEG, Gippin,2001). Tesis juga meneliti langkah unilateral AS dibalik neoliberalisme dan free trade menekan Negara Berkembang melalui USTR Special 301 review sebagai menjalankan Neo Merchantilisme dan Neo Proteksionisme, mengingkari kesepakatan awal dan ratifikasi sistem perdagangan multilateral dan institusi global governance , WTO serta upaya bilateral yang setara dan win-win antara RI dan AS.

Thesis focuses on US Pressure using Diplomacy lead by USTR (US Trade Representative) together with its NGO's partners ( IIPA, BSA and IDC) sending US Special 301 complained report to Indonesian Trade Minister and its annex Global Piracy Report positioning Indonesia yearly, systematically and unilaterally as world class software piracy with its PWL (Priority Watch List) status, because Indonesia has not done proper law enforcement in its jurisdictions, causing big lost to the US software industries. Research mission is to find motif and alibi behind Indonesia's world class pirate accusation, which is US attempts to dominate Indonesian software domestic market, increasing export penetrations, because of huge US trade deficit with its global partners, which actually worries many economist and leads to possible threat to global economy. This descriptive analytical research makes use several International Relations Regime and Perspective theory, Diplomacy Ethic and Practice theory and Gilpin's Economic politic global (PEG). Thesis also studies this US unilateral diplomatic pressure behind free trade and neo liberalism slogan, but in reality promoting neo merchantilism and neo protectionism, violations of its own accord and ratification of the world multilateral systems and global governance institutions, WTO, and US RI bilateral win win solutions and equal footing.

Kata Kunci : Unilateral , Diplomasi Total, USTR, Special 301, Hubungan Internasional.