ANALISIS SPASIAL KEMATIAN IBU DI KABUPATEN TASIKMALAYA TAHUN 2009

METI MEGAWATI, Prof. dr. Djaswadi D., MPH., SpOG(K)., Ph.D.

2011 | Tesis | S2 Kesehatan Masyarakat/KIA

Latar Belakang: Kematian ibu di Kabupaten Tasikmalaya masih tinggi yaitu pada tahun 2008 sebanyak 46 jiwa. Hal ini disebabkan berbagai faktor diantaranya akses terhadap pemanfaatan pelayanan kesehatan. Analisis spasial menggunakan Sistim Informasi Geografis (SIG) merupakan suatu proses penggabungan informasi dalam berbagai peta dengan cara tumpang susun (map overlay) untuk menurunkan informasi baru tentang faktor risiko kematian ibu. Oleh karena itu peneliti tertarik untuk melakukan analisis spasial kematian ibu dengan menggunakan SIG. Tujuan: Untuk mendapatkan gambaran pola sebaran secara spasial kasus kematian ibu, serta mengetahui faktor yang berhubungan dengan kematian ibu di Kabupaten Tasikmalaya 2009 yaitu jarak ke fasilitas kesehatan, kondisi fisik jalan dan Pemberi Pelayanan Kesehatan. Metode Penelitian: Jenis penelitian observasional dengan rancangan cross-sectional. Pendekatan kuantitatif, didukung data kualitatif melalui wawancara mendalam/indepth interview. Subjek penelitian adalah ibu yang meninggal dan memenuhi kriteria inklusi sebanyak 32 orang, dengan responden orang terdekat ibu (suami, keluarga atau saksi). Analisis data menggunakan analysis spatial weighted regression software GeoDa. Hasil: Kejadian kematian ibu tidak mengikuti pola sebaran spasial tertentu dengan hasil uji Likelihood Ratio Test diperoleh p value=0,746 (p>0,05), artinya kejadian kematian ibu tidak dipengaruhi oleh faktor-faktor yang ada di area/ruang lokasi kasus, waktu maupun tempat penelitian, tetapi lebih dipengaruhi faktor-faktor lain, seperti jarak, kondisi jalan, kebiasaan, biaya, kendaraan dan lain-lain. Kesimpulan: Kejadian kematian ibu tidak mengikuti pola sebaran spasial tertentu, artinya kematian ibu tidak dipengaruhi oleh faktor-faktor yang ada di area/ruang lokasi kasus, waktu maupun tempat penelitian, tetapi lebih dipengaruhi faktor-faktor lain, seperti jarak, kondisi jalan, kebiasaan, biaya, kendaraan dan lain-lain. Hasil analisis spasail diperoleh kematian ibu terdapat pada buffer dengan radius 1km - 3km, serta zona wilayah kasus kematian ibu terbanyak, yaitu di zona bagian barat sebanyak 6 kasus dan zona selatan sebanyak 10 kasus.

Background: In 2008, maternal mortality in Tasikmalaya District was still high which reached 46 cases. This was caused by various factors, one of which was the access to healthcare facilities. Spatial analysis using Geographic Information System (GIS) is a process of information combination in various maps by map overlay to field new information about risk factors of maternal mortality. Objective: To obtain a description on distribution pattern about maternal mortality cases spatially and to find out factors related to maternal mortality in Tasikmayaya in the year of 2009, namely distance to health facilities, road condition and birth attendance. Method: This was an observational study with a cross-sectional study design, and supported by qualitative data through in-depth interview. The subjects were 32 mortality cases that met inclusion criteria, with the respondents who were the husband, family, or witness. Data analysis used spatial weighted regression in software GeoDa. Result: The analysis of spatially weighted regression showed that In addition, the analysis of diagnostic of spatial dependence which was the result of Likelihood Ratio Test gave p value = 0.746 (p>0.05), which meant the maternal mortality cases did not follow a certain spatial distribution pattern or the cases were not affected by factors in the area as well as study time and location, but more influenced by other factors, such as distance, road condition, culture, fees, and other vehicles. Conclusion: The maternal mortality cases did not follow a certain spatial distribution pattern, or the cases were not affected by factors in the area as well as study time and location, but more influenced by other factors, such as distance, road condition, culture, fees, and other vehicles. The results obtained spatial analysis of maternal mortality cases are in the buffer with radius of 1 km – 3km, and the zone of highest maternal mortality cases regions, namely in the western zone of 6 cases and southern zones of 10 cases.

Kata Kunci : Analisis Spasial, Kematian Ibu