STUDI KEMAMPUAN PATI BIJI DURIAN (Durio zibethinus Murr.) SEBAGAI BAHAN PEREKAT BIOBRIKET DARI KULIT BUAH DURIAN DAN TEMPURUNG KELAPA (Cocos nucifera L.)

joko santoso, Ria Millati, S.T., M.T., Ph.D.

2011 | Tesis | S2 Mag.Sistem Teknik

Biji durian memiliki potensi sebagai perekat, karena memiliki kandungan amilosa yang rendah. Pada pembuatan biobriket, semakin banyak kadar perekat akan menurunkan nilai kalor. Kulit durian dan tempurung kelapa merupakan limbah yang memiliki potensi sebagai bahan baku untuk produksi biobriket, karena memiliki nilai kalor arang yang memenuhi standar. Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk mengetahui kemampuan pati biji durian sebagai perekat biobriket dari limbah kulit durian dan tempurung kelapa. Pada penelitian ini dilakukan pengujian kadar amilosa, kuat geser dan viskositas untuk mengetahui kemampuan perekat pati biji durian. Pembuatan biobriket dengan menggunakan variasi perekat pati biji durian 4%, 6%, 8% , 10%, 12% dan 14%. Selanjutnya dilakukan pengujian pada biobriket untuk mengetahui pengaruh perekat pati biji durian terhadap berat jenis, kuat tekan, shatter test, kadar air, kadar abu, kadar volatile matter, kadar fixed carbon, dan nilai kalor. Hasil pengujian menunjukkan pati biji durian memiliki kemampuan sebagai perekat yang lebih baik dari pati kanji. Pati biji durian memiliki kadar amilosa 15,0880% (pati kanji 17%), kuat geser 2,7 kg/cm2 (pati kanji 1,3333 kg/cm2), dan viskositas 38,8333 d.Pa. (pati kanji 408,3333 d.Pa.). Biobriket dengan perekat pati biji durian memiliki kualitas yang lebih baik dibandingkan pati kanji 10% pada karakteristik berat jenis (6%-14%), Shatter test (10%-14%), kadar air (4%-8%), kadar abu (12%-14%), volatile matter (4%-8%), fixed carbon (4%-6%), dan nilai kalor (4%-6%). Biobriket memiliki kadar air , kadar volatile matter, nilai kalor yang memenuhi SNI 01- 6235-2000, dan nilai berat jenis, kuat tekan, shatter test, fixed carbon yang memenuhi standar. Kadar abu biobriket dipengaruhi komposisi arang, karena pada pengujian komposisi arang 75%:25% dengan perekat pati biji durian 10% memberikan hasil kadar abu 5,9553% yang memenuhi SNI. Kadar perekat terbaik dalam biobriket adalah 4%. Biobriket tersebut memiliki karakteristik berat jenis 0,5468%, Kuat tekan 8,0536 kg/cm2, shatter test 2,6331 %, kadar air 5,3079 %, kadar abu 10,9871 %, kadar volatile matter 7,7886%, fixed carbon 75,9157 % dan nilai kalor 6.181,408 kal/g.

Durian seed has potency as an adhesive, because it has a low amylose content. In making biobriquette, the more adhesive content results in lower heating value. Durian peel and coconut shell are wastes that have potency as raw materials for biobriquette production. The heat value of charcoal can fulfill according to the standard value. The aim of the study is to evaluate potency of starch from durian seed as an adhesive biobriquette from durian peel and coconut shell waste. This research was tested the amylose content, shear strength and viscosity to determine the potency of starch from durian seed as an adhesive. The variation of biobriquette process from starch from durian seed as an adhesive are 4%, 6%, 8%, 10%, 12% and 14%. Further, in this research testing on biobriquette including density, compressive strength, shatter test, moisture content, ash content, volatile matter content , fixed carbon content, and heat value. The test result was showed that the starch from durian seed has the potency as an adhesive better than the starch from cassava. Starch from durian seed has the amylose content of 15,0880% (which the starch from cassava is 17%), the shear strength of 2,7 kg/cm2 (which the starch from cassava is 1,3333 kg/cm2), and the viscosity of durian seed is 38,8333 d.Pa. (which the starch from cassava is 408,3333 d.Pa.). Biobriquette with adhesive of the starch from durian seed have better quality than the starch from cassava 10% on the characteristic density (6% -14%), Shatter test (10% -14%), water content (4% -8%), ash content (12% -14%), volatile matter (4% -8%), fixed carbon (4% -6%), and heat value (4% -6%). Biobriquette has a water content, volatile matter, and heat value that fulfill the standard from SNI 01-6235-2000, and the value of density, compressive strength, shatter test, fixed carbon that fulfill according to the standard. The ash content of biobriquette influenced by charcoal composition, the composition of charcoal test 75%: 25% with adhesive from the starch from durian seed 10% has the ash content of 5.9553%, it fulfill according to the standards. The best adhesive content in biobriquette is 4%. Biobriquette has a characteristic density of 0,5468%; compressive strength of 8,0536 kg/cm2, shatter test of 2,6331%, water content of 5.3079%, ash content of 10.9871%, volatile matter of 7.7886% , fixed carbon of 75.9157% and heat value of 6181.408 cal / g.

Kata Kunci : Biji durian, perekat, kulit buah durian, tempurung kelapa , biobriket