ANALISIS PENGGUNAAN OBAT DI DUA RUMAH SAKIT BERDASARKAN INDIKATOR WHO 1993
Inaratul Rizkhy Hanifah., S.Farm, Prof. Dr. Marchaban, DESS., Apt.
2011 | Tesis | S2 Mag.Manaj.FarmasiPemberian obat rasional merupakan inti berbagai kegiatan penyelengaraan upaya kesehatan yang harus terus ditingkatkan mutunya. Sejak tahun 1985 WHO berupaya meningkatkan penggunaan obat rasional. Salah satunya dengan mengembangkan indikator penggunaan obat. RSUD Kota dan RSU PKU Muhamadiyah Kota Yogyakarta merupakan rumah sakit besar di Kota Yogyakarta. Penelitian bertujuan menganalisis penggunaan obat pasien rawat jalan di RSUD Kota dan RSU PKU Muhamadiyah Kota Yogyakarta periode bulan maret 2010 berdasarkan indikator inti dan indikator komplementer WHO. Penelitian termasuk jenis penelitian noneksperimental, rancangan deskriptif, pengumpulan data secara prospektif. Pengambilan data di Instalasi Farmasi RSUD Kota Yogyakarta dan RSU PKU Muhamadiyah Kota Yogyakarta dalam periode Maret 2010. Sampel diambil secara random sebanyak 230 sampel untuk 2 rumah sakit, terbagi dalam 1 bulan atau 10 sampel per hari untuk tiap rumah sakit. Hasil penelitian yang diperoleh di RSUD Kota Yogyakarta adalah sebagai berikut peresepan yang memenuhi standar indikator inti WHO yakni peresepan antibiotik 21,89%, sediaan injeksi 0%, sedangkan yang belum memenuhi standar rata-rata item obat sebesar 2,33, peresepan dengan nama generik 29,29%, dan peresepan sesuai formularium 83,84%. Indikator pelayanan pasien, rata-rata waktu dispensing obat adalah 17,59 menit (non racikan) dan 25,67 (racikan), dimana 94,29% obat diserahkan dan tidak ada yang pelabelannya sesuai standar WHO. Indikator fasilitas kesehatan WHO telah terpenuhi dengan ketersediaan formularium, dan ketersediaan obat-obat kuncinya 100%. Indikator komplementer WHO di RSUD Kota yakni rata-rata harga obat sebesar Rp 50914,60, dengan persentase harga obat antibiotik 28,95% dan injeksi 0%. Sedangkan hasil di RSU PKU Muhammadiyah Kota Yogyakarta telah memenuhi standar indikator inti WHO yakni peresepan antibiotik 13,35%, sediaan injeksi 0,62%, sedangkan yang belum memenuhi standar rata-rata item obat 2,45, peresepan dengan nama generik 31,99%, peresepan sesuai formularium 85,49%. Indikator pelayanan pasien ratarata waktu dispensing obat adalah 16,93 menit (non racikan) dan 31,58 menit (racikan), dimana 99,25% obat diserahkan dan 82,71% diantaranya telah dilabel sesuai standar WHO. Indikator fasilitas kesehatan WHO telah terpenuhi dengan ketersediaan Formularium, dan ketersediaan obat-obat kuncinya 100%. Indikator komplementer WHO, rata-rata harga obat per lembar resep adalah sebesar Rp 106.145,37, dengan persentase harga obat antibiotik 16,29% dan injeksi 0,50%.
Prescribing the rational drugs is the main orientation of the health care activity that should be increase in quality. Since 1985, WHO try to increase the use of rational drug. One of the developing the drugs usage indicator. RSUD Kota City Hospital and PKU Muhammadiyah Hospital are big hospital in Yogyakarta. The research objective’s are to analyze of drug use of patient in RSUD Kota Hospital and PKU Muhammadiyah Hospital in the march 2010 period based on WHO’s core indicator and complementary indicator. This research is non-experimental, descriptive design, and prospective data collective. The data are taken in Pharmacy Room in RSUD Kota Hospital and PKU Muhammadiyah Hospital in March 2010 period. Sample are taken in random to 230 samples for both hospital, divide in 1 month or 10 samples per day for each hospital. The results obtained in RSUD Kota hospital are appropriate with standards WHO percentage of encounter with an antibiotic prescribed 21.89%, and injection 0%, while inappropriate the standards is the average drug items used per encounter 2.33, percentage of drugs prescribed by generic name 29.29% and percentage of drugs prescribed from formulary 83.84%. Patient care indicators, the average dispensing time was 17.59 minutes (non-compounded) and 25.67 (compounded), where 94.29% of drugs are dispensed and no one adequately labeled. Health facility indicators, there was formulary availability, and availability of key drugs 100%. WHO complementary indicators in RSUD Kota Hospital that average drug cost per encounter 50914.60 IDR, with 28.95% cost spent on antibiotics and injections of 0%. While the results in PKU Hospital which appropriate with standards WHO percentage of encounter with an antibiotic prescribed 13.35%, and injection 0.62%, while inappropriate standard is average drug items used per encounter of 2.45, percentage of drugs prescribed by generic name 31.99 %, percentage of drugs prescribed from formulary 85.49%. Indicators of average dispensing time is 16.93 minutes (non-compounded) and 31.58 minutes (compounded), where 99.25% of the drugs are dispensed and 82.71% of them adequately labeled. Indicators of health facilities there was formulary availability, and availability of key drugs 100%. WHO complementary indicators, the average drug cost per encounter 106,145.37 IDR, with the cost spent on antibiotics 16.29% and injection 0.50%.
Kata Kunci : penggunaan obat, indikator WHO 1993, RSUD Kota Yogyakarta, RSU PKU Muhammadiyah Kota Yogyakarta.
