ISOLAT AKTIF DAUN Pseudocalymma alliceum (Lam.) Sandwith (BAWANG PUTIH ANGGUR) DAN AKTIVITAS ANTIVIRUSNYA TERHADAP VIRUS NEWCASTLE DISEASE

Nuning Rahmawati, Dr. Ratna Asmah susidarti, MS., Apt.

2011 | Tesis | S2 Ilmu Farmasi

Pseudocalymma alliaceum (Lam.) Sandwith telah dilaporkan memiliki berbagai aktivitas biologis antara lain sebagai antikanker, anti fungi, antioksidan, antikolesterol dan antivirus terhadap virus mozaik pepaya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan isolat aktif dari ekstrak daun tanaman ini dan mengevaluasi aktivitas antivirus terhadap virus Newcastle Disease (ND) menggunakan media kultur telur ayam berembrio. Pembuatan ekstrak dilakukan dengan maserasi. Sebanyak 1 kg serbuk kering dimaserasi bertingkat dengan petroleum eter dilanjutkan dengan etil asetat dan metanol. Setelah penguapan masing-masing pelarut didapatkan 4 gram ekstrak petroleum eter, 33,5 gram ekstrak etil asetat dan 42 gram ekstrak metanol. Ekstrak yang diperoleh diuji aktivitas antivirusnya terhadap virus Newcastle disease (ND). Penghitungan titer virus dilakukan dengan metode hemaglutinasi lambat. Persentase penghambatan pertumbuhan virus untuk ekstrak petroleum eter dan etil asetat berturut-turut 80,95% dan 61,90%. Sedangkan ekstrak metanol tidak mempunyai aktivitas antivirus terhadap virus ND. Fraksinasi ekstrak etil asetat menggunakan kromatografi cair vakum dengan eluen yang meningkat polaritasnya diperoleh 21 fraksi. Berdasarkan profil kromatografi lapis tipisnya, fraksi-fraksi tersebut dikelompokkan menjadi 8 fraksi gabungan. Fraksi F merupakan fraksi yang paling aktif karena mempunyai persentase penghambatan terhadap pertumbuhan virus Newcastle Disease (ND) sebesar 87,50%. Fraksi F kemudian dicuci dengan aseton menghasilkan endapan putih yang berdasarkan profil KLT dan spektrum IRnya diidentifikasi sebagai asam ursolat.

Pseudocalymma alliaceum (Lam.) Sandwith has been reported to have many biological activities, such as anticancer, antifungal, antioxidan, hipolipidemia and antiviral against papaya mozaic virus. The objectives of this research were to obtain the active isolate from the leaf extract of this plant and to evaluate its antiviral activity against Newcastle Disease (ND) virus using embryonated chicken egg as culture medium. The extract was made by maceration. As much as 1 kg dried ground leaves were gradually macerated with petroleum ether, ethyl acetate and methanol. Evaporation of the solvents gave petroleum ether extract (4 g), ethyl acetate extract (33.5 g) and methanol extract (42 g). The extracts were assayed for their antiviral activities against Newcastle Disease (ND) virus. Hemagglutination method was used to count the virus titer. The percentages of ND viral growth inhibition of petroleum ether and ethyl acetate extracts were 80.95% and 61.90%, respectively. The methanol extract was found to be inactive. Separation of the ethyl acetate extract using vacuum liquid chromatography eluted by solvents of increasing polarity gave 21 fractions. Combining of these fractions based on their TLC profiles gave 8 combined fractions (A-H). Fraction F was the most active fraction which inhibited 87.50% of the virus growth. Fraction F was then washed with aceton to give white powder which was identified as ursolic acid based on its TLC profile and IR spectrum, compared to the authentic ursolic acid.

Kata Kunci : Pseudocalymma alliaceum (Lam.) Sandwith, Newcastle disease, telur ayam berembrio