RESILIENCE FOR THE 2007 FLOOD EVENT, USING COMMUNITY KNOWLEDGE: A Case in Part of Sukoharjo Regency, Indonesia

Sinta Damayanti, Dr. rer. nat. Muh Aris Marfai, S.Si., M.Sc.

2011 | Tesis | S2 Magister Geo Informasi untuk Manajemen Bencana

Sukoharjo merupakan salah satu kabupaten di Provinsi Jawa Tengah yang telah beberapa kali dilanda banjir pada tahun belakangan ini.Lokasi kabupaten ini, yang berada di tengah daerah aliran sungai Solo, telah membuat Sukoharjo rawan terhadap banjir.Pengetahuan masyarakat yang mengalami banjir penting dilibatkan dalam penilaian resiko banjir.Daya pulih masyarakat menjadi factor yang penting dalam rencana mitigasi bencana.Daya pulih terkait dengan kemampuan untuk pulih dari bencana dan hal ini berbeda untuk setiap orang.Namun, jarang terdapat data dan informasi terkait dengan daya pulih masyarakat.Berdasarkan alas an inilah, penelitian ini bertujuan menilai daya pulih masyarakat terhadap bencana banjir.Penelitian ini juga bertujuan untuk membuat peta kejadian banjir 2007 berdasarkan pengetahuan masyarakat. Data primer dihimpun melalui interview terhadap 80 responden dan diskusi group (Focus Group Discussion/ FGD) seperti halnya pemetaan partisipatori.Area penelitian berada di desa Laban dan desa Kadokan, yang dilanda banjir 2007.Responden dipilih secara acak di kedua desa tersebut.Beberapa factor untuk menghitung daya pulih masyarakat ditanyakan kepada masyarakat melalui pemberian kuisioner dan wawancara.Sementara FGD dilakukan untuk mendapatkan peta banjir berdasarkan pengetahuan masyarakat. Berdasarkan hasil FGD, kedalaman banjir pada kedia desa tersebut bervariasi antara 0 hingga 300 cm, sedangkan durasi penggenangan beragam dari 1 hingga 7 hari. Banjir juga menyebabkan kerugian hingga Rp. 100.000.000,0. Akan tetapi secara umum kerugian tersebut kurang dari Rp. 2.000.000,0. Nilai daya pulih responden berdasarkan hasil pembobotan bervariasi antara 0,113 hingga 0,700.Rata-rata nilai daya pulih di desa Laban adalah 0,403, sedangkan desa Kadokan 0,368.Sebagian besar nilai daya pulih tersebut dipengaruhi oleh kemampuan manusia. Secara umum, masyarakat di kedua desa tersebut dapat meneruskan kehidupannya meskipun mereka belum sepenuhnya pulih.Faktor budaya masyarakat Jawa dan agama mempengaruhi pemulihan masyarakat dalam hal psikologi.Untuk meningkatkan daya pulih masyarakat, pemerintah telah membuat alat pengontrol banjir dan memperbaiki tanggul sepanjang sungai Bengawan Solo dan Samin.

Sukoharjo is one of the regencies in Central Java Province that has been frequently struck by flood in recent years. The location of this regency, in the middle of Bengawan Solo Basin, has made Sukoharjo prone to flood. The knowledge of the community affected by flood is important to be incorporated in flood risk assessment. Community resilience becomes an important factor in a disaster mitigation plan. Resilience relates to the ability to recover from a disaster and is for every person different. However, data and information related to community resilience is rare. For this reason, this research intends to assess community resilience for flood disaster.It is also aimed to generate the 2007 flood event map based on the knowledge of the people. Primary data was collected through interviews to 80 respondents and focus group discussion (FGD) as well as participatory mapping. The study area was in desa Laban and desa Kadokan, which was struck by the 2007 flood event. The respondents were choosing randomly on those villages. Factors for quantifying community resilience were asked to respondent by giving questionnaire and interviewing them. While FGD was done in order to gain flood map based on community knowledge. Based on FGD result, the flood depth in both villages varies from 0 until 300 cm, while the duration of inundation varies from 1-7 days. Flood also caused losses, which the distribution of losses was Rp. 0 - 100,000,000,0. However generally the losses was bellow than Rp. 2,000,000,-. Resilience value of the respondent based on weighting result is distributed from 0.113 until 0.700. The average resilience value is desa Laban is 0.403, while desa Kadokan is 0.368. Most of the resilience value was influenced by human capital. Generally, people in both villages can continue their life normally although they are not completely recovered. Culture of Javanese people and religion factors influenced to community recovery in term of psychology. Moreover, in order to increase the community resilience, government has established flood control devices and rehabilitated the dike along Bengawan Solo and Samin river.

Kata Kunci : mitigasi bencana, pemetaan partisipatori, karakteristik banjir, daya pulih masyarakat.