CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF KLUWAK (Pangium edule Reinw.) SEED OIL
Widelia Ika Putri, Dr. Ir. Supriyanto, MS.
2011 | Tesis | S2 Teknologi Hasil Perkebunan-
Kluwak (Pangium edule Reinw) seed is rich in oil. On the other hand, there is increasing of vegetable oil’s demand in the world continuously. This is a chance to develop kluwak seed as vegetable oil source. Every commercial product has its specification; therefore information about kluwak seed oil’s properties is needed. The objective of this research is to study chemical and physical thermal properties of fresh and fermented kluwak seed oil. The correlation among their properties is also revealed as fermented kluwak is different compared to the fresh one. This research was started from oil extraction of fresh and fermented kluwak seed meat. Then, fermented kluwak seed oil was degummed by hot distilled water and neutralized by 14 o Be soda caustic (0.104 g/ml). Three samples (crude fresh oil, crude fermented oil, and refined fermented oil) were determined their chemical and physical properties. The result showed that kluwak seed oil was dominated by unsaturated fatty acid and triunsaturated triacylglycerol profile. It had a high iodine value (94.46 – 99.10 g of I2 / 100 g oil). The refining process decreases its iodine value (97.96 → 94.46 g of I2 / 100 g oil), free fatty acid (8.22 → 0.49%), and unsaponifiable matter value (0.31 → 0.22%). Crude fermented oil has the highest relative density (0.894 at 30 o C), followed by neutralized fermented oil (0.891 at 30 o C) and crude fresh oil (0.832 at 30 o C). Crude fresh oil has higher refractive index that is 1.464 at 40 o C than crude fermented and neutralized fermented oil that is 1.461 at 40 o C. Neutralized fermented oil has a darker color than fermented oil, and it is darker than fresh oil too (L= 6.54<7.80<8.66). Kluwak seed oil has three crystallization temperature point means there are three crystal types (polymorphism phenomena) means three biggest fractions in kluwak seed oil. These fractions can be separated by fractionation. Its crystallization and melting point is very low (at minus degree Celsius) because of unsaturated tryacylglycerol profile. Between fresh and fermented kluwak seed oil shows almost similar chemical and physical properties because it still a same genus and species that is Pangium edule Reinw. From its properties, kluwak seed oil can be developed as mayonnaise, salad dressing, and fractionated oil product.
Kata Kunci : kluwak seed oil; characterization.
