KARAKTERISTIK SIFAT FISIK,KIMIA,ANATOMI DAN KUALITAS PULP BATANG MENGKUANG (PandanusatrocarpusGriff) MELALUIPROSESSODA

Yeni mariani, S.Hut., Dr. Ir. Sri Nugroho Marsoem, M. Agr.

2011 | Tesis | S2 Ilmu Kehutanan

Telahdilakukanpengujiansifatdasarbatangtanamanmengkuang(PandanusatrocarpusGriff)danpengujiankualitasbatangmengkuangsebagaibahanbakualternatifpulpmelaluiprosespulpingsoda.Rancanganpenelitianyangdigunakanadalahrancanganacaklengkapdalamfaktorial.Faktoryangdigunakanpadaanalisissifatdasaradalahfaktortingkatumurtanamandanbagianaksialpadabatang.Faktoryangdigunakandidalampengujiankualitaspemasakanpulpadalahfaktorumurtanaman,kedudukanaksial,konsentrasialkaliaktifdanlamapemasakan. Hasilpenelitianmenunjukkanbahwainteraksiperlakuanberpengaruhsangatsignifikanterhadapproporsisel,tebaldindingsel,diameterserat,diameterlumen,turunanserat,rendemenpulpkeduakelompokumurdanindeksjebollembaranpulpbatangmengkuangmudabatangmengkuang.Interaksisemuaperlakuanpemasakanjugaberpengaruhsangatsignifikanterhadaprendemen,bilangankappapulp,sertaindekstariklembaranpulp.Interaksiantarafaktorumurtanamandankonsentrasialkaliaktifsertainteraksiantarakedudukanaksialdankonsentrasialkaliaktifberpengarusangatsignifikanterhadapindeksjebol.Semuafaktorpenelitianberpengaruhsangatsignifikanterhadapindekssobeklembaranpulpbatangmengkuang. Batangmengkuangmemilikikadarairsegar,beratjenissegar,beratjeniskeringudaradanberatjeniskeringtanursecaraberturut-turutberkisar201,48- 272,97%;0,075–0,147;0,091–0,135;0,115–0,232.Kadarekstraktif,lignin,holoselulosa,alpha-selulosa,pentosan,kelarutandalamNaOH1%dankadarabubatangmengkuangsecaraberturut-turutberkisar2,02-5,02%;21,50-25,96%;65 ,28-70,22%;36,73-41,02%;2,39-3,76%;20,03-22,94%;23,01–28,97%.Panjangserat,diameterserat,tebaldindingseldandiameterlumenbatangmengkuangsecaraberturut-turutberkisar1,48–1,81mm;18,99–22,29μm;1,55- 5,63μm;10,57–18,57μm. Batangmengkuangdapatdimanfaatkansebagaibahanbakupulpdenganrendemen10,61%-31,50%;bilangankappa17,32–24,40;indekstarik17,25- 31,84Nm/g;indekssobek1,82mN.m2/g–3,44mN.m2/g;indeksjebol1,347- 2,427KPa.m2/g.Hasiloptimalpemasakandihasilkandaribagiantengahbatangmengkuangtuadengankonsentrasibahankimiapemasaksebesar16%danlamapemasakan1,5jam.

Aresearchhadbeenconductedtoexaminethebasicpropertiesofmengkuangstem(PandanusatrocarpusGriff)anditsqualityasanalternativepulprawmaterialthroughsodapulpingprocess.Completelyrandomizedfactorialdesignwasusedinthisresearch.Factorleveloftheplantageandaxialpositionwereusedinexaminethebasicpropertiesofmengkuangstem.Levelofplantage,axialposition,alkalineconcentrationandlenghttimeofcookingwereusedasfactorsinexaminethequalityofmengkuangstemcookingthroughsodapulping. Theresearchshowedthatinteractionbetweenplantageandaxialpositioninthestemsignificantlyaffectedtoproportionofcell,cellwallthickness,fiberdiameter,lumendiameter,derivedfibervalue.Theinteractionofallfactorinpulpingprocessverysignificantlyaffectedtopulpyield,kappanumber,andtensileindex.Theinteractionofplantageandalkalineconcentrationandinteractionofaxialpositionandalkalineconcentrationhadverysignificantlyaffectdtoburstindex.Theplantagefactor,axialposition,alkalineconcentrationandlengthtimeofcookinghasaverysignificanteffectontearindex. Thegreenmoisturecontent,greenspecificgravity;air-dryspecificgravityandoven-dryspecificgravityofmengkuangstemrespectivelywere201,48- 272,97%;0,075–0,147;0,091–0,135;0,115–0,232.Thepercentageofextractive,lignin,holocellulose,alpha-cellulose,pentosan,thedissolvingofNaOH1%andashpercentageofmengkuangstemrespectivelywere2,02-5,02%;21,50-25,96%;65,28-70,22%;36,73-41,02%;2,39-3,76%;20,03- 22,94%;23,01–28,97%.Fiberlength,fiberdiameter,cellwallthicknessandlumendiameterofmengkuangstemrespectivelywere1,48–1,81mm;18,99– 22,29μm;1,55-5,63μm;10,57–18,57μm. Mengkuangstemcanbeusedasalternativerawmaterialforpulpwithyieldrangeof10,61%-31,50%;kappanumberrangeof17,32–24,40;tensileindexrangeof17,25–31,8Nm/g;tearindexrangeof1,82–3,44mN.m2/gandburstindexrangeof1,347–2,427KPa.m2/g.TheoptimalpulpingfactorwasobtainedfromthemiddlepartofoldmengkuangstemwithconcentrationNaOHof16%and1hourofcookingtime.

Kata Kunci : BatangPandanusatrocarpusGriff,sifatfisik,komponenkimia,strukturanatomi,pulp,prosessoda