Peranan ransum berserat kasar tinggi dalam sistem pencernaan fermentatif itik

SUTRISNA, Rudy, Promotor Prof. Dr. Ir. Tri Yuwanta, S.U., DEA

2010 | Disertasi | S3 Ilmu Peternakan

Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui peranan sistem pencemaan fermentatif dan isolasi bakteri selulolitik anaerob di saluran pencemaan itik yang diberi pakan berserat kasar (SK) 5-20%. Sebanyak 144 ekor itik jantan umur 6 minggu yang terdiri dari 72 ekor itik jantan sekurn normal dan 72 ekor itik jantan sekektomi digunakan dalam penelitian. Itik jantan percobaan dibagi menjadi de Lapan kombinasi perlakuan, setiap kombinasi perlakuan diulang tiga kali masing-masing ulangan menggunakan 6 ekor. Data yang djperoleh dianalisis variansi menggunakan Rancangan Acak: Lengkap (RAL) pola faktorial (faktor pertarna ransum bertingkat SK 5, 10, 15, 20%, kedua kondisi sekum norma~ sekektomi) dan perbedaan yang nyata antar perlakuan dtanalisis menggunakan Duncan 's New Multiple Range Test (DMRT). lnterpretasi data populasi bakteri dan aklivitas enzim secara diskriptif dengan disajikan secara hi stogram. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pH digesta di ilium, sekurn dan kolon berturut-turut adalah 6,3-6,8;6,32-6,90 dan 6,67-7,20. Nilai pH kondusif bagi pertumbuhan bakteri selulolitik. Itik kondisi sekum normal dan sekektomi menghasilkan pertambahan bobot badan dan berat karkas yang berbeda, tetapi berbeda tidak nyata terhadap konsurnsi ransum, konsumsi SK, konsumsi energi, bobot badan, konversi ransurn, persentase karkas. Ransurn ber-SK 5-20% menghasilkan konsumsi ransum, konsumsi SK, konsumsi energi, kecernaan BK berbeda, tetapi tidak berbeda terhadap BB PBB, konversi ransum, berat karkas. persentase karkas. Sekektomi menghasilkan garnbaran potensi pencernaan fermentatif di ilium. Preparat histologi ilium dan sekum rnenunjukkan adanya villi-villi dan pada hati menunjukkan semakin tinggi SK ransum menghasilkan spot degenerasi melemak berkurang. PopuJasi bakteri selulolitik ditemukan di bagian ilium 3,1x105 , sekwn 2,lxl05 dan kolon 4,0x104 CFU/g. Isolat yang ditemukan menghasilkan aktjvitas enzim CMC-ase 0,02-0,03 unit/g. Berdasarkan isi saluran pencemaan dari bagian ilium itik sekektomi, sekum dan kolon itik sekektomi menghasilkan konsentrasi asam asetat, propionat, butirat, VF A total berbeda nyata. Ransum ber-SK 5-20% menghasilkan konsentrasi asam asetat, butirat, VF A total tidak berbeda, sedangkan terhadap propionat berbeda. Plasma darah itik normal dan sekektomi, ransum ber-SK 5-20% dan kombinasinya menghasilkan konsentrasi VF A total berbeda. Kesimpulan penelitian ini berturutturut adalah itik toleran terhadap ransum SK 20% berperan sebagai nutrien dan substrat, ransum SK 15% menghasilkan perfonnan yang baik, saluran pencemaan oonnal, djdapatk:an populasi bakteri selulolitik, aktivitas enzim CMC-ase, VFA isi saluran pencemaan dan plasma darah. Kata kunci: ltik, Sekektomi, Serat kasar, Bakteri sclulolitik, VFA.

The objective of this experiment was to determine the role of ration containing 5-20% crude fiber in the fermentative digestion system of male duck. One hundred fourty four 6 weeks age male ducks consisted of 72 normal cecum and 72 caecectomy were used in this study. The ducks were devided into eight combination treatments, each treatment consisted of six ducks and replicated 3 times. Data were analyzed using ANOV A in a completely random design (CRD) of factorial pattern, the first factor was the level of crude .fiber 5, J 0, J 5, 20%; and two second factor was the condition of cecum (normal and caecectomy). The mean value of the treatments were further analysed using Duncan's Multiple Range Test (DMRT) to determine the significant difference between treatments. The data of bacteria population and enzyme activity were interpreted descriptively using histogram. The results showed that the pH of digested material in the ilium, cecum and colon were 6.3-6.8; 6.32-6.90 and 6.67-7-.-20 respectively. Thus this condition was favorable for the cellulolytic bacteria growth. The results also showed the condition of caecum (normal vs caecectomy) had significant effects on body weight, ration consumtion, weight and percentage of carcass. The result of caecectorny treatment indicated there were a potential fermentative digestion in the ilium. The histology preparation showed there were villi in the ilium and caecum and the decrease of lipid degeneration spot in the hepar. The population of cellulosic bacteria in the ilium, caecum and colon were 3. l x 105 , 2.1xl05 and 4.0x 104 CFU/g respectively. The isolate found showed there was enzymatic activity CMC-ase 0.02-0.03 unit/g. Base on the tractus digestivus contents of ileum caecectomy duck, caecum normal duck and the colon caecectomy duck were resulted asetic, propionic, butyric acids and total VF A significantly different. The ration containing 5-20% crude fiber were not significantly different on asetic, butyric acids and total-VF A, whereas propionic acid significant different. At the blood plasma of normal duck and caecectomy, ration cotaining 5-20% crude fiber and combination treatments were significantly different on total-VFA concentration. Conclusion ofthis reseatch was that duck was tolerant of ration with CF level untiJ 20%, CF played role as nutrient and substrat, ration with CF 15% indicated good performance, condition of digestion tract was normal, it was found cellulolytic bacteria, enzymatic activity CMC-ase, and it was found VFA in tractus digestivus contents and blood plasma. Key Words: Duck, Caecectomy, Crude Fiber, Cellulolytic bacteria, VFA

Kata Kunci : Itik,Sekektomi,Serat kasar,Bakteri selulolitik,VFA