Peningkatan kualitas tepung kulit udang dengan fermentasi bakteri khitinolitik untuk pakan suplemen ruminansia kecil

WIDYANTORO, Promotor Prof. Soeharto Prawirokoesoemo, M.Sc., Ph.D

2009 | Disertasi |

Penelitian ini terdiri tiga tahap. Tahap pertama isolasi bakteri khiti-nolitik cairan rumen kerbau berfistula. Diperoleh lima isolat yakni 2A2, 3A2, 3B3, 5B3 dan 6B2. Namun setelah diperlakukan dengan perbedaan suhu dan pH awal inkubasi isolat 3A2 berkemampuan tinggi mendegra-dasikan khitin. Penelitian tahap kedua pengukuran aktivitas ekso dan endokhitinase terhadap kelima isolat dengan perlakuan perbedaan suhu dan pH awal inkubasi. Aktivitas tertinggi pada 3A2 yakni 0,2558 U.mg-1 dan 0,1723 U.mg-1. Perlakuan perbedaan suhu dan pH awal inkubasi khi-tinase 3A2 tertinggi pada 39oC 0,1391 U.mg-1 dan pH 6,6 0,4214 U.mg-1. Nilai Km 22,9342 mg.ml-1 dan Vmax 33,66 μM.menit-1. Penelitian tahap ketiga fermentasi TKU skala laboratorium didapatkan inkubasi pada hari kelima konsentrasi asam asetat, butirat dan propionat berturut-turut 16,1064 mmol, 2,1419 mmol dan 2,2192 mmol. Konsentrasi dari ketiga macam asam tersebut ebih tinggi dibandingkan pada hari pertama dan ketiga. Dalam percobaan gas test diperoleh nilai fraksi a= -1,331, nilai fraksi b=12,873 dan nilai fraksi c=0,079. Selanjutnya aplikasi TKUF untuk pakan substitusi ternak domba. Fermentasi TKU dengan isolat 3A2. Kelompok PI dan PII masing-masing 10 ekor domba diberi pakan KK+TKU (21:9) dan KK+TKUF (21:9). Hijauan yang diberikan adalah rumput gajah. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan konsumsi BK PI 126,806±45,060 g/Kg W0,75, PII 140,634±43,634 g/Kg W0,75, kon-sumsi PK PI 21,562±7,080 g/Kg W0,75, PII 25,683±7,080 g/Kg W0,75 kon-sumsi TDN PI 67,932±25,010 g/Kg W0,75 dan pertambahan BB PI 16,53±8,12 g/Kg W0,75, PII 28,163±7,82 g/Kg W0,75. Uji statistik dengan metode t-test menunjukkan perbedaan yang sangat nyata. Kesimpulan isolat 3A2 terpilih berpotensi tinggi dalam mendegradasikan khitin juga aktivitas enzim yang dihasilkan. Fermentasi TKU dengan isolat 3A2 terpilih meningkatkan nutrien sehingga pertambahan BB domba PII lebih tinggi dari PI.

The aim of the study to improve nutritive value of shrimp shell flour by fermentation of selected isolate chitinolytic bacteria fluid of fistulated rumen buffalo. Three stages of work of the study. First stage isolate of chitinolytic bacteria. Five isolates were obtained namely 2A2, 3A2, 3B3, 5B3 and 6B2. Treatment on temperature and pH different 3A2 isolate high was greater on chitin degradation. Product of degradation is reducing sugar namely 0.2568 mg/ml and 0.2850 mg/ml respectively. Second stage the study of exo and endochitinase on five isolates on 39oC, 6.6 pH and 30 minutes incubation 3A2 isolate high was greater activity namely 0.2568 U.mg-1 and 0.1723 U.mg-1. Chitinase activity 3A2 isolate on temperature and pH different treatment high was greater. Its has value 0.1391 U. mg-1 on 39oC and 0.4214 U.mg-1 on pH 6.6. Km value 22.9342 mg.ml-1 and Vmax 33.66 μM.h-1. Third stage of the study shrimp shell flour was fermented on 1st, 3rd, 5th days and so on. Samples on 1st, 3rd, 5th days were analysis of acetic acid, propionic acid, butyric acid and gas test trial. Result of the study on 5th days fermentation concentration average of acetic acid, propionic acid and butyric acid were 16.1064 mmol, 2.2192 mmol and 2.1419 mmol respectively and high more than 1st and 3rd days of fermentation. Fractination value of a, b and c on gas test trial were –1.331, 12.873 and 0.079 respectively. The study of fermentation in laboratory scale used to fermentation of shrimp shell flour in field scale. Application of substitution shrimp shell flour and shrimp shell flour fermented in concentrate.Twenty head of sheeps were devided on two groups. Each group were 10 heads. Group I accept of KK + TKU (21 : 9) and group II accept of KK + TKUF (21 : 9). Elephant grass as forage was given on twice/day on 08.30 pm and on 15.30 pm. Result of the study DM intake on PI 126.806 ± 45.060 g/kgW0.75, PII 140.634 ± 43.930 g/kgW0.75 (p<0.01). CP intake on PI 21.562 ± 7.080 g/kgW0.75, PII 25.683 ± 8.080 g/kgW0.75 (p<0.01). TDN intake on PI 67.931 ± 25.010 g/kgW0.75, PII 74.940 ± 23.170 g/kgW0.75 (p<0.01). Body weight (kg/head) in last of study on P I 14.04 ± 1.46, P II 15.25 ± 2.08 (p<0.01). ADG (g/kgW0.75) on PI 16.530 ± 8.120, PII 28.163 ± 7.280 g/kgW0.75 (p<0.01). Blood cholesterol concentration on PI 108.23 mg/100 ml, PII 72.56 mg/100 ml (p<0.01). The study concluded 3A2 isolate and its chitinase high was greater to chitin degrade. Side effect to blood cholesterol concentration TKUF capable to dropped blood cholesterol to 32.96 %.

Kata Kunci : Cairan rumen kerbau, Tepung kulit udang, Isolat bakteri khitilitik, Khitinase, Gula mereduksi, Fermentasi, Bahan pakan, Domba, Buffalo rumen fluid, Shrimp shell flour, Isolate chitinolytic bacteria, Chitinase, Reducing sugar, Fermentation, Feedstuff, Shee