Keberlanjutan praktik budaya daerah asal rumahtangga migran Minangkabau di Yogyakarta

BAQI, Ahmad Iqbal, Promotor Prof. Drs. Kasto, MA

2009 | Disertasi |

Dalam beberapa tahun terakhir, aktivitas budaya Minangkabau berlangsung makin semarak di Yogyakarta. Aktivitas itu meningkat seiring dengan peningkatan jumlah kedatangan migran Minangkabau ke Yogyakarta dan bertambah jumlah organisasi sosial daerah asal, terutama nagari. Penelitian bertujuan mengkaji keberlanjutan praktik budaya daerah asal berlangsung di daerah tujuan; serta mengungkapkan faktor-faktor demografi, sosial dan ekonomi rumahtangga yang mempengaruhi tingkat keberlanjutan praktik budaya daerah asal. Keberlanjutan praktik budaya daerah asal migran Minangkabau yang dikaji terdiri atas keberlanjutan sistem matrilinial, keberlanjutan tradisi daerah asal, dan keberlanjutan identitas etnis. Penelitian dilakukan di Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta (DIY). Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode penelitian survei. Sampel dipilih secara acak dengan menggunakan sistem proposional dari 20 organisasi sosial daerah asal migran Minangkabau yang ada di D.I. Yogyakarta. Wawancara terstruktur melalui kuesioner dilangsungkan pada 260 dari 889 rumahtangga migran Minangkabau di Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta. Keberlanjutan sistem matrilinial rumahtangga migran Minangkabau di D.I. Yogyakarta berlangsung dengan tingkat sedang, keberlanjutan tradisi daerah asal berlangsung dengan tingkat rendah; dan keberlanjutan identitas etnis berlangsung dengan tingkat tinggi. Keberlanjutan praktik budaya daerah asal yang merupakan gabungan ketiga keberlanjutan tersebut berlangsung dengan tingkat sedang. Perbedaan istri/suami (Minangkabau dan Bukan Minangkabau) dan umur berpengaruh signifikan terhadap tingkat keberlanjutan sistem matrilinial. Perbedaan istri/suami (Minangkabau dan Bukan Minangkabau), tahun sukses sekolah, umur, dan pendapatan rumahtangga berpengaruh signifikan terhadap tingkat keberlanjutan tradisi daerah asal. Perbedaan istri/suami (Minangkabau dan Bukan Minangkabau)berpengaruh signifikan terhadap tingkat keberlanjutan identitas etnis. Perbedaan istri/suami (Minangkabau dan Bukan Minangkabau), umur, dan pendapatan rumahtangga berpengaruh signifikan terhadap tingkat keberlanjutan praktik budaya daerah asal di daerah tujuan. Teori Tindakan Voluntaristik Parsons yang diuji dalam kajian ini dapat diterima sebagai model kerangka pikir dari keberlanjutan praktik budaya daerah asal migran di daerah tujuan. Pendekatan Model V-E dapat digunakan untuk menghitung tingkat keberlanjutan praktik budaya daerah asal dalam rumahtangga migran.

In the last few years the Minangkabau cultural activities have increased in Yogyakarta. The cultural activities have increased in parallel with the increase of the arrival Minangkabau migrants in Yogyakarta and the increase of a number of social organizations based on the area of origin in West Sumatra, particularly nagari. The present study has aimed at finding out the practical continuation of Minangkabau culture in the area of destination; and the demographic, social, and economic factors of migrant households affecting the rate of practical continuation of Minangkabau culture. Study on the rate of practical continuation of Minangkabau culture in the area of destination consists of the rate of continuation of the matrilineal system, the rate of continuation of the Minangkabau local customs, and the rate of the ethnic identity. The field research was carried out in Yogyakarta Special Province (DIY). The research method was a survey method. The sampling technique was a proportional simple random based on 20 groups of the social organizations of the area of origin. There were 260 of 889 Minangkabau ethnic migrants’ households that were held a structured interview by questionnaires. The level of the continuation of matrilineal system of the Minangkabau ethnic migrants in Yogyakarta is moderate; the level of the continuation of Minangkabau local customs is low; and the level of continuation of ethnic identity is high. The level of the practical continuation of Minangkabau culture in the area of destination that were united all the levels is moderate. The variance of ethnical spouse (Minangkabau and non-Minangkabau) and age are the significant factors affecting the rate of continuation of the matrilineal system. The variance of ethnical spouse (Minangkabau and non-Minangkabau), years of schooling, age, and household’s income are the significant factors affecting the rate of continuation of the Minangkabau local customs. The variance of ethnical spouse (Minangkabau and non-Minangkabau) is the significant factor affecting the rate of continuation of the ethnic identity. The variance of ethnical spouse (Minangkabau and non-Minangkabau), age, and household’s income are the significant factors affecting the rate of continuation of the practical continuation of Minangkabau culture in the area of destination. The Parsons’ Voluntaristic Theory of Action examined in this study can be acceptable as an model of framework of the practical continuation of migrants’ culture in the area of destination. The V-E Model approach can be applied to obtain ratings of the practical continuation of migrants’ culture in the area of destination.

Kata Kunci : Migran Minangkabau, Budaya Minangkabau, Berkelanjutan praktik budaya, Minangkabau ethnic migrant, Minangkabau culture, practical continuation of culture