Model pengelolaan lingkungan alokasi pemanfaatan lahan mngrove untuk pengembangan tambak di Kabupaten Lombok Timur bagian selatan, Nusa Tenggara Barat, Indonesia

JOHARI, Harry Irawan, Promotor Prof. Dr. Shalihuddin Djalal Tandjung, M.Sc

2009 | Disertasi |

Konflik antara konservasi mangrove dengan konversinya untuk pengembangan tambak adalah salah satu masalah utama dalam pengelolaan kawasan pesisir di Indonesia, namun hingga saat ini belum ada penelitian yang menunjukkan bagaimana model pengelolaannya. Berapa % (persen) lahan mangrove yang boleh dikonversi dan berapa luas yang harus dikonservasi, hingga saat ini belum diketahui dengan pasti. Dalam setiap konflik, mangrove selalu mengalami kekalahan, karena selama ini yang dinilai dari mangrove adalah produk fisiknya saja (tangible benefit), sedangkan nilai jasa dan lingkungan (intangible benefit) diabaikan karena dianggap belum dapat dipasarkan atau secara ekonomi dinilai kecil. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah: 1. mengkaji karakteristik lingkungan (biogeofisikkimia) mangrove untuk pengembangan tambak di Kabupaten Lombok Timur bagian Selatan; 2. mengkaji nilai lingkungan (nilai ekonomi total) mangrove di Kabupaten Lombok Timur bagian Selatan; 3. mengkaji kelayakan pemanfaatan lahan mangrove untuk pengembangan tambak di Kabupaten Lombok Timur bagian Selatan; 4. menyusun model alokasi pemanfaatan lahan mangrove yang optimal untuk pengembangan tambak di Kabupaten Lombok Timur bagian Selatan berdasarkan kondisi karakteristik lingkungan dan nilai ekonomi lingkungan. Metode analisis yang digunakan adalah: 1. analisis karakteristik lingkungan (biogeofisik-kimia); 2. analisis nilai lingkungan (nilai ekonomi total) mangrove; 3. analisis biaya dan manfaat; dan 4. analisis pemrograman linier. Lahan mangrove di Kabupaten Lombok Timur bagian Selatan khususnya di Teluk Jor dan Teluk Sunut diklasifikasikan sesuai untuk areal pengembangan tambak, kecuali di tempat yang memiliki kemiringan lereng > 1 %, diklasifikasikan sesuai marginal. Daerah Teluk Ekas diklasifikasikan sesuai marginal untuk areal pengembangan tambak. Nilai ekonomi total mangrove di Kabupaten Lombok Timur bagian Selatan ± Rp 104.212.120 /ha/th. Pemanfaatan lahan mangrove untuk pengembangan tambak di Kabupaten Lombok Timur bagian Selatan secara finansial dinyatakan layak, namun secara ekonomi tidak layak. Alokasi pemanfaatan lahan mangrove optimal untuk pengembangan tambak di Kabupaten Lombok Timur bagian Selatan adalah 38 – 39 %. Lahan mangrove dengan kondisi hutan baik, memiliki batas maksimum pemanfaatan 39 %. Lahan mangrove dengan kondisi hutan kurang baik, memiliki batas maksimum pemanfaatan 38 %.

The conflict between conservation of mangrove with it’s conversion for the fishpond development was one of the main problem faced on coastal development in Indonesia. But up to this time, it did not yet have the research that showed how the management model. How many percent, the land of mangrove that might be converted and how many must be preserved, until this time that was not yet known definitely. In each conflict, the mangrove always experienced the damages, because up until now the mangrove was viewed only for it’s physical product (tangible benefit), whereas the additional value and the environmental services (intangible benefit) are ignored because it was considered that it could not be marketed or it was too small economically. The objective of this research is: 1. to studies the environmental (bio-geophysicalchemical) characteristic of mangrove for the fishpond development in Southern Part of East Lombok District; 2. to studies the environmental value (the total economic value) of mangrove in Southern Part of East Lombok District; 3. to studies the appropriateness on land utilization of mangrove for the fishpond development in Southern Part of East Lombok District; 4. to compile the allocation model of the optimum on land utilization of the mangrove for the fishpond development in Southern Part of East Lombok District, based on environment characteristic and the environmental economic value. The analysis method application in this research is: 1. the analysis of environmental (bio-geophysical-chemical) characteristic; 2. the analysis of environmental value (the total economic value) of mangrove; 3. the cost and benefit analysis; and 4. the linear programming analysis. The land of the mangrove in Southern Part of East Lombok District, especially in the Gulf of Jor and the Gulf of Sunut was classified suitable for the fishpond development, except in the land with > 1 % of topography classified marginal suitable. The Gulf of Ekas was classified marginal suitable for the fishpond development. The level of total economic value of mangrove in Southern Part of East Lombok District ± 104.212.120 /hectare/year. The utilization of mangrove for the fishpond development in Southern Part of East Lombok District is appropriate for finance but not appropriate for economic. The optimum allocation of mangrove for the fishpond development in Southern Part of East Lombok District is 38 - 39 %. The land of mangrove with good off forest condition has utilization of the maximum boundaries 39 %. The land of mangrove with bad off forest condition has utilization of the maximum boundaries 38 %.

Kata Kunci : Model,Alokasi pemanfaatan,Lahan mangrove,Pengembangan tambak, word: model, utilization allocation, land of mangrove, and fishpond development