Analisis pelayanan koperasi persusuan di Jawa Timur
SISWOYO, Promotor Prof. Dr. Ir. Masyhuri
2009 | Disertasi |Penelitian bertujuan mengkaji pelayanan yang diberikan koperasi persusuan kepada peternak sapi perah selaku anggota. Kajian meliputi karakterisik ekonomi koperasi persusuan, kualitas pelayanan, fungsi produksi pelayanan, fungsi biaya pelayanan, skala ekonomi, dan rumusan strategi peningkatan pelayanan. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Jawa Timur dengan sampel 20 koperasi persusuan yang ditetapkan secara purposive sampling dan 120 anggota yang ditetapkan secara quota sampling. Kemampuan harga pembelian susu segar dari anggota yang ditetapkan koperasi persusuan dibawah harga harapan anggota, mengakibatkan anggota tidak mampu mereinvestasi sapi induk laktasi, sehingga skala usaha sapi perah yang dipelihara tetap kecil. Kondisi ini antara lain disebabkan struktur pasar susu segar oligoposoni bahkan mengarah monopsoni. Harga penjualan susu segar ditentukan sepihak oleh oligopsonis/monopsonis, dan harga jual tersebut dibawah harapan koperasi persusuan. Meskipun harga jual susu segar dibawah harapan, analisis keuangan menunjukkan koperasi persusuan dalam kondisi likuid, solvabel, dan profitabel Penerapan standar operasional prosedur (SOP), mendorong kualitas pelayanan koperasi persusuan tergolong ideal. Tetapi idealnya kualitas pelayanan tersebut baru menyentuh dimensi kawasan sosial yaitu diperolehnya susu segar yang berkualitas, sedangkan dimensi kawasan ekonomi dan dimensi kawasan teknik belum sepenuhnya tersentuh disebabkan harga pelayanan belum mencapai harga terrendah dan produksi susu per sapi perah laktasi belum mencapai target. Akibatnya, potensi ekonomi anggota belum berkembang sebagaimana yang diharapkan. Pelayanan yang diterima anggota dari koperasi persusuan berpengaruh positif terhadap produksi pelayanan dan berpengaruh negatif terhadap biaya pelayanan. Disamping itu, koperasi persusuan memiliki peluang untuk menurunkan biaya pelayanan terendah karena dalam kondisi economies of scale. Hal ini menunjukan bahwa pelayanan merupakan aktivitas srategis bagi koperasi persusuan untuk mensejahterakan anggota. Oleh karena itu, formulasi yang dikonstruksi dari pergeseran penurunan harga pelayanan ke peningkatan harga pembelian susu segar, merupakan konsep yang dapat dijadikan pedoman untuk merumuskan strategi peningkatan pelayanan koperasi persusuan.
The objective of this research is to study the service provided dairy cooperatives for dairy cattle farmers as its members. The study includes the economic characteristic of dairy cooperatives, service quality, service production function, service cost function, economies of scale, and formulated strategies to increase service. The research was carried out in dairy cooperatives of East Java with samples 20 dairy cooperatives taken through purposive sampling and 120 members taken through quota sampling. The fresh milk buying price that dairy cooperatives state from the members is lower than member’s expectations, so that members are unable to reinvest lactation cows. Therefore, the dairy farmer scale has been still small. This condition, among others, is caused by the oligopsonic, and even tends to monopsonic market structure of fresh milk. Fresh milk selling price is individually decided by oligopsonist or monopsonist and the milk fresh price is lower than dairy cooperatives expectation. Although the fresh milk price is under expectation, the financial analysis shows that dairy cooperatives condition is liquid, solvable, and profitable. The application of standard operational procedure makes service quality of dairy cooperatives is ideal; however, it only touches the social dimension (i.e. good quality of fresh milk and safe to be consumed), while the economic dimension and technique dimension have not been fully touched because the service price has not been at the lowest one and the average milk fresh production of dairy lactation cow has been under production target. As a result, the economic potential of members has not been improved as expected. The perceived service that dairy cooperatives provides to its members positively influence service production and negatively cost service as well. Besides, dairy cooperatives has opportunity to decrease the lowest service price because of the economies of scale condition. It is showed that service is a strategic activity for dairy cooperatives to make the members prosperous. For that reason, the formulation that is constructed from the shift of service price decrease into fresh milk price increase is concept that could be used as guidance to formulate the strategy of dairy cooperatives service improvement.
Kata Kunci : Koperasi persusuan, Purposive sampling, Quota sampling, Standar operasional prosedur (SOP), Mereinvestasi sapi induk laktasi, Pelayanan koperasi
