Analisis risiko usaha tani berbasis padi di Kabupaten Kulon Progo

SENJAWATI, Nanik Dara, Promotor Prof. Dr. Ir. Sri Widodo, M.Sc

2008 | Disertasi |

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui : (1) Risiko produksi usahatani pada berbagai wilayah dengan perbedaan tingkat produktivitas. (2) Risiko produksi usahatani padi lahan sawah irigasi dan sawah tadah hujan. (3) Pengaruh penggunaan input terhadap risiko produksi padi.(4) Pengaruh penggunaan input usahatani padi terhadap risiko produksi di lahan sawah irigasi dan tadah hujan pada daerah dengan berbagai tingkat produktivitas. (5) Peranan pendapatan non sawah sebagai usaha stabilisasi pendapatan. Lokasi penelitian dilakukan di Dusun Ngangin-angin Desa Banyurata Kecamatan Nanggulan, Dusun Krikil Desa Pendoworejo Kecamatan Girimulyo, dan Dusun Ngipik Desa Banjararum Kecamatan Kalibawang, secara Purposive Multistage Cluster Sampling, berdasarkan karakteristik lahan (lahan irigasi dan lahan tadah hujan) serta variasi produksi. Kriteria tersebut mencerminkan adanya risiko produksi. Sampel rumahtangga tani ditentukan dengan metode sensus. Analisis data terdiri dari analisis homogenitas dengan metode Bartlett-test, analisis beda dua varian dengan metode F-test analisis koefisien variasi, analisis regresi linier berganda dengan metode heteroscedastic model multiplicative heteroscedasticity dengan memaksimumkan fungsi likelihood. Risiko produksi lahan sawah tadah hujan lebih besar dari pada lahan sawah irigasi ditunjukkan oleh koefisien variasi yang tinggi. Secara umum produksi padi lahan sawah irigasi maupun tadah hujan zona utara Kabupaten Kulon Progo secara positif dipengaruhi oleh tenaga kerja, urea, benih, TSP, dan KCl sedang risiko produksi dipengaruhi oleh tenaga kerja, benih, dan urea. Risiko pendapatan lahan sawah lebih besar dari pada pendapatan non sawah ditunjukkan oleh koefisien variasiyang tinggi. Dari hasil penelitian ini disarankan penggunaan input produksi yang secara signifikan meningkatkan risiko utamanya pupuk urea dan TSP perlu dikaji kembali. Pemanfaatan kotoran ternak sebagai pupuk kandang serta mengembalikan jerami pada lahan pertanaman merupakan cara pemanfaatan bahan organik yang paling murah dan mudah dilakukan petani. Perlu tindak lanjut pengkajian pekarangan. Perlu dipertimbangkan penelitian lebih lanjut pengembangan model ekonometrika mengenai hubungan produksi dengan faktor risiko..

The study aimes to analyze : (1) production risk of rice farm in irrigated lowland and rainfed lowland. (2) production risk of rice farm in several areas with differentproductivity. (3) the relation between the level of input use and risk. (4) the relation between the level of input use and risk in irrigated lowland and rainfed lowland at several areas with differentproductivity. (5) the role of non lowland income to stabilize household income. The study is conducted in Dusun Ngangin-angin Desa Banyurata Kecamatan Nanggulan, Dusun Krikil Desa Pendoworejo Kecamatan Girimulyo, and Dusun Ngipik Desa banj rarum Kecamatan Kalibawang by Purposively Multistage Cluster Sampling, based on land charasteristic (irrigated lowland and rainfed lowland) and rice productivity variability. This criteria can reflect the production risk. Farm household samples are taken by Cluster Sampling. The analysis such as : homogenity analysis by Bartlett-test, variance two difference analysis by F-test, coeficient variation analysis, multiple regression analysis by heteroscedastic as multiplicative heteroscedasticity that maximizing likelihood function. Intensive agriculural system using high chemical input in the long time can make economic and agroecosystem problem. The negative concequency of intensive agriculural system on agroecosystem is agrochemical polution causing low land resource damages that is difficult to be repaired. The degradation of soil fertility that is signed by decreasing of soil productivity and instability. It is indicated that the unfavorable environment (the lower of soil productivity) have the higher production risk. The production stabilization by risk management supported by input and output price can reduce income fluctuation. Nevertheles the rice income was low and fluctuated because not all of risk can be controlled. The using of non rice income can give the higher contribution to household income and that is more stable too, because it is not depend on risk factor too much. This result of the research suggested that using input of production that are significantly to increase production risk especially urea and TSP fertilizer are necessary to be substituted by organic input. To be used livestock manure or straw of rice that’s very cheap and simple method. It is necessary to study further on potential homeyard. It is necessary to study further on econometrics model development abaout the relationship of production and risk factor.

Kata Kunci : Risiko,Usahatani padi, Risk, Rice farm