Kajian keberlanjutan ternak kambing peranakan Etawah sistem kandang kelompok dengan pendekatan nilai ekonomi lingkungan di Desa Girikerto Turi Sleman

KUSUMASTUTI, Tri Anggraeni, Promotor Prof. Dr. Ir. Masyhuri

2008 | Disertasi |

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengukur : (1) Keberlanjutan sistem kandang kelompok Kambing Peranakan Etawah dari sisi ekonomi meliputi eksistensi usaha, ketersediaan produk dan by product , dan kelayakan usaha, (2) Keberlanjutan sistem kandang kelompok Kambing Peranakan Etawah dari sisi lingkungan meliputi potensi ternak dan daya dukungnya dan apresiasi peternak dan masyarakat terhadap lingkungan , (3) Besar nilai ekonomi total peternakan Kambing PE sistem kandang kelompok. Lokasi penelitian dilakukan di Dusun Nganggring, Kemirikebo, dan Sukorejo secara purposive sampling. Sampel peternak kandang kelompok Kambing PE diambil secara sensus berdasar kelompok ternak, dan purposive berdasar kepemilikan bangsa Kambing PE untuk peternak individu. Sampel warga sekitar ditentukan secara purposive berdasar jarak tempat tinggal dan lokasi kandang. Alat analisis eksistensi usaha dan persepsi masyarakat menggunakan one sample t test dan Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) dilanjutkan uji Latin Square Design (LSD), potensi ternak dan daya dukungnya menggunakan analisis tabel, kelayakan usaha menggunakan Benefit Cost Ratio , apresiasi terhadap lingkungan melalui kemauan membayar dan menerima kompensasi menggunakan Regresi Ordinal Logit Model, dan nilai ekonomi total menggunakan analisis tabel dilanjutkansensitivity analysis. Eksistensi usaha dari sisi input, perkembangan output, dan fasilitas perlu mendapat prioritas untuk keberlanjutan usaha. Ketersediaan produk primer meliputi kambing hidup ,daging kambing, dan susu menunjukkan excess supply sehingga ternak berpotensi dikembangkan keberlanjutannya . Nilai potensi output berdasar pola mengembangbiakan ternak yaitu total sisa kambing jantan dan betina pengganti serta jantan dan betina afkir melebihi batas maksimum pengeluaran ternak pertahun atau Natural Increase (NI) sehingga terjadinya excess demand ini menunjukkan adanya kecenderungan pengurasan populasi . Perhitungan dinamika populasi ditunjukkan hasil pertumbuhan populasi lambat karena kematian cempe pra sapih dan induk yang cukup tinggi. Daya dukung ternak yaitu kandang, pakan, dan air belum efisien sehingga belum memenuhi keberlanjutan usaha. Secara finansial, ekonomi, dan lingkungan usaha ternak Kambing PE layak dijalankan dan berkelanjutan dengan sistem kandang kelompok.. Meskipun persepsi masyarakat menyatakan respons setuju tetapi sikap yang ditunjukkan dari kemauan membayar masyarakat dan peternak kambing sistem individu masih rendah Di sisi lain apresiasi peternak Kambing PE terhadap lingkungan sudah tinggi. Meskipun nilai ekonomi total positif namun harus dilakukan penekanan mortalitas karena kematian cempe pra sapih dan induk cukup tinggi. Penurunan mortalitas, peningkatan produksi susu, dan perbaikan kidding interval menjadi prioritas keberlanjutan aset sumberdaya Kambing PE sistem kandang kelompok. Secara keseluruhan keberlanjutan usaha kandang kelompok Kambing PE tetap optimis dikembangkan karena input dan carrying capacity sudah tersedia tetapi belum dioptimalkan .

This research was to identify (1) sustainability of Etawa crossbreed goat in village group system from economic side in form of business existence, product and by product availability, and business feasibility, (2) sustainability of Etawa crossbreed goat in village group system from environment side in Etawa crossbreed goat potential and carrying capacity from pen, tree leaves and water availability, and farmer and society appreciation on environment (3) Total Economic Value of Etawa crossbreed goat farming with village group system. The research was located in Nganggring, Kemiri Kebo and Sukorejo subvillages taken with purposive sampling method. Sample of farmer with village group system was taken with census method and purposive based on Etawa goat family owner of individual farmer. Sample of people around was determined with purposive based on residence distance and village group system location. Analyzed tools for business existence and people perception was using one sample t test and analysis of Variance (ANOVA)followed with Latin Square Design test (LSD), Etawa crossbreed goat potential and carrying capacity with table analysis, business feasibility with Benefit Cost Ratio, appreciation on environment through Willingness To Pay and Willingness To Accept using Ordinal Logit Regression model, and Total Economic Value with table analysis followed sensitivity analysis. Business existence in output growth , availability of input and facility side should get priority for effort sustainability. Primary product availability in life goat, meat goat and fresh milk indicated excess supply so Etawah crossbreed goat will potential to be improve . Output potential based on total output with the stock breeding pattern exceeded Natural Increase value or maximal limit of stock moving out . It indicated excess demand that lead to tendency of population draining. Based on estimated population dynamics state that late stock population growth may be caused high mortality in pre weaning kidding and doe. Carrying capacity from pen, tree leaves, and water not efficient so not available to effort sustainability. In finance, economic, and environmental sides, Etawa crossbreed goat farming business is feasible and continue with village group system. Although perception of people indicated agree respons but attitude from WTP and WTA from people and goat farmer with individual system was still low. In the other hand, appreciation of Etawa crossbreed goat farmer in village group system on environment has been high. Pre weaning kidding and doe mortalities cause high decrease on Total Economic Value. Decrease in mortality, increase in milk production and improvement in kidding interval is priority of sustainability of resource of Etawa crossbreed goat with village group system. In generally Etawah crossbreed system in village froup system sustainability optimism to develop because input and carrying capacity was enough and available but still poor optimal.

Kata Kunci : Kambing peranakan Etawah,Kandang kelompok,Nilai ekonomi total,Apresiasi terhadap lingkungan,sustainability, Etawa cossbreed goat, village group system, appreciation on environment, Total Economic Value