Hubungan kualitas susu dengan keragaman genetik dan prevalensi mastitis subklinis serta upaya peningkatan kualitas lingkungan di daerah jalur susu Malang sampai Pasuruan

WINARSO, Djoko, Promotor Prof. Dr. drh. Soemitro Djojowidagdo

2008 | Disertasi |

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui : (1) perbedaan kualitas susu di tingkat petani ternak, pos pengumpul, KUD dan IPS, (2) keterkaitan antara protein susu dengan keragaman genetik gen penyandi kappa kasein, (3) keterkaitan antara jumlah bakteri dalam susu dengan prevalensi mastitis subklinis, dan (4) perbedaan kualitas susu di tingkat petani ternak antara sebelum dengan sesudah penerapan adopsi inovasi pemanfaatan teknologi biogas. Rancangan penelitian untuk menganalisis kualitas susu digunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL/CRD) dan hasilnya dianalisis dengan uji Beda Nyata Terkecil (BNT), analisis frekuensi alel dan frekuensi genotip digunakan Hardy-Weinberg, analisis untuk prevalensi mastitis subklinis digunakan uji Chi-square, sedangkan untuk mengetahui karakteristik petani ternak dan distribusi kategori adopsi inovasi biogas, digunakan metode deskriptif kuantitatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa persentase penurunan komposisi kimia susu berdasarkan standar kualitas susu (Grade) dari tingkat petani ternak sampai ke pos pengumpul telah terjadi penurunan kualitas susu yang terbesar, terutama untuk kadar lemak (59,32%), TSL (58,33%) dan TPC (22,96%). Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa tidak ada hubungan yang bermakna antara kadar protein susu dengan frekuensi alel A, alel B, frekuensi genotip AA maupun genotip BB, kecuali untuk frekuensi genotip AB, menunjukkan adanya hubungan yang bermakna (P<0,05) dengan kadar protein susu. Prevalensi mastitis subklinis tertinggi terjadi di wilayah KUD Karangploso (21,95%), kemudian diikuti secara berturut-turut KUD Dau (18,69%), KUD Ngantang (15,44%), dan terendah di wilayah KUD Pujon (11,38%) dan tidak ada perbedaan yang bermakna antara jumlah bakteri dalam susu dengan prevalensi mastitis subklinis. Profil karakteristik internal petani ternak cukup potensial, profil karakteristik eksternal potensial dan distribusi kategori adopsi inovasi pemanfaatan biogas, yaitu golongan Innovator 10,25%, Early adopter 38,46%, Early Majority 34,61% dan Late Majority 16,66%. Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini adalah bahwa persentase penurunan kualitas susu paling tinggi terjadi di tingkat pos pengumpul, ada hubungan antara protein susu sapi perah rakyat dengan frekuensi genotip AB, terlihat tidak ada hubungan antara jumlah bakteri dalam susu dengan prevalensi mastitis subklinis, kualitas susu yang diperiksa antara sebelum dengan sesudah penerapan adopsi inovasi biogas menunjukkan adanya perbedaan yang bermakna.

The objectives of this study were to identify : (1) the differences of milk quality at the farmers’ levels, post collection, Village Cooperative Unit (VCU) and Milk Processing Industry (MPI), (2) the relation between milk protein to genetic variety of kappa casein, (3) the relation between the milk bacteria to the subclinical mastitis prevalence, and (4) the differences of milk quality at farmer level pre and post the application of adoptive innovation of biogas technology. Research design to analyze milk quality used Completely Randomized Design and the result analyses used Lower Significant Different test, the analysis of alel frequency and genotype frequency used Hardy-Weinberg method, the analysis of mastitis subclinical prevalence used Chi-Square test, the characteristics of farmer that influenced adoptive inovation of biogas technology used descriptive quantitative method. The result of the research showed the percentage of chemical milk composition is decreased based on the milk quality standard (Grade) from the level of farmer to post collection is the biggest decrease of milk quality, especialy for fat content (59.32%), TSL (58.33%) and TPC (22.96%). Statistically showed there were no significance influence between protein content of milk with the frequence alel A, alel B, genotype frequence AA and genotype BB. Except genotype frequence AB, showed significance influence (P<0.05) with milk protein content. The highest subclinical mastitis prevalence occured in Karangploso VCU (21.95%), then followed orderly by Dau VCU (18.69%), Ngantang VCU (15.44%), and the lowest Pujon VCU (11.38%) and there were no significance influence between milk bacteria with subclinical mastitis prevalence. Internal characteristic profile of farmer was potential enough and the external characteristic profile was potential while the distribution of adoptive innovation of biogas that was innovator 10.25%, early adopter 38.46%, early majority 34.61% and late majority 16.66%. The research conclusion was the highest decrease percentage of milk quality is in the post collection, there were relations between milk proteins with genotype frequency AB, showed there were no relations between milk bacteria with subclinical mastitis prevalence, milk quality that examined pre and post the application of adoptive innovation of biogas technology showed the significance influenced.

Kata Kunci : Susu,Genetik,mastitis subklinis,Adopsi inovasi,Biogas,Milk, Genetic, Subclinical mastitis, Adoptive innovation