Biodegradasi azo orange II oleh konsorsium bakteri Chryseobacterium indologenes ID6016 dan Enterococcus faecalis ID6017

MEITINIARTI, Vincentia Irene, Promotor Prof. Dr. Endang Sutariningsih Soetarto

2008 | Disertasi |

Kemampuan degradasi Orange II oleh Chryseobacterium indologenes ID6016 dan Enterococcus faecalis ID6017 telah dipelajari dalam penelitian ini. C. indologenes ID6016 dan E. faecalis ID6017 merupakan bakteri yang diisolasi sebagai kultur campur dari lumpur aktif unit pengolahan limbah tekstil. Bakteri ini mempunyai kemampuan mendekolorisasi beberapa pewarna tekstil. Orange II merupakan salah satu pewarna azo sintetik yang banyak digunakan di industri tekstil, makanan, dan kosmetik. Seperti pewarna azo lainnya, pewarna ini umumnya tidak terolah dengan pengolahan menggunakan lumpur aktif konvensional aerobik dan biasanya dapat ditemukan dalam efluen penggolahan limbah. Dalam penelitian ini telah dipelajari secara mendalam peran kedua bakteri dalam degradasi pewarna azo, yaitu pertumbuhan dan kemampuan kedua bakteri dalam degradasi Orange II dan produk dekolorisasinya. Selain itu, juga ditentukan faktor-faktor lingkungan yang mempercepat degradasi Orange II oleh kedua bakteri, dan dipelajari kemampuan degradasi Orange II oleh kultur campur kedua bakteri. Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini adalah: 1. Kedua bakteri tumbuh pada medium yang mengandung Orange II. C. indologenes tidak mendekolorisasi Orange II, sedangkan E. faecalis mendekolorisasi Orange II menjadi amina aromatik (yaitu asam sulfanilat dan 1-amino-2-naftol) sebagai produk antara. Enzim yang mengkatalisis proses dekolorisasi ini bersifat sitoplasmik dan konstitutif 2. Kedua bakteri dapat tumbuh pada medium yang mengandung amina aromatik (asam sulfanilat atau 1-amino-2-naftol), namun C. indologenes mengkonsumsi asam sulfanilat lebih banyak daripada E. faecalis. 3. Pertumbuhan dan kemampuan dekolorisasi Orange II tertinggi oleh E. faecalis terjadi pada medium yang mengandung Orange II 80 mg/l. E. faecalis tumbuh dan mendekolorisasi Orange II paling banyak pada konsentrasi glukosa 0,93 g/l dan pH medium 7, serta suhu inkubasi ruang (28-35°C). Pada suhu ruang dan pH medium 7,0, C. indologenes juga tumbuh pada medium yang mengandung asam sulfanilat hingga konsentrasi sebesar 500 mg/l. 4. Inokulasi kedua bakteri (C. indologenes and E. faecalis) bersama-sama pada awal pengkulturan dengan konsentrasi C. indologenes lebih besar daripada E. faecalis (3:1) menghasilkan degradasi Orange II paling tinggi. Pertumbuhan sinergistik antara C. indologenes dan E. faecalis menyebabkan kecepatan dekolorisasi Orange II tercepat (0,8 jam-1 atau 14,6 mg/jam) dan konsumsi asam sulfanilat tertinggi (82%).

The performance of Orange II biodegradation by Chryseobacterium indologenes ID6016 and Enterococcus faecalis ID6017 has been studied in this research. C. indologenes ID6016 and E. faecalis ID6017 which were isolated as mixed culture from activated sludge of textile wastewater treatment plant had an ability to decolorize several textile dyes. Orange II is one of synthetic azo dyes, which has been widely used for textile, food, and cosmetics. Like other azo dyes, it is generally unaffected by conventional activated sludge process under aerobic condition and usually found in the effluent of wastewater treatment. This research studied the roles of both bacteria on the azo dyes degradation, i.e. its growth and performance to degrade Orange II and its decolorization products more deeply. The environmental factors stimulated the degradation of Orange II by these bacteria was also determined in this research. Moreover, the performance of dye degradation by mixed culture was investigated. Based on the research results concluded that: 1. Both bacteria could grow on Orange II containing medium. C. indologenes could not decolorize Orange II, whereas E. faecalis reduced Orange II to aromatic amines (i.e. sulfanilic acid and 1-amino-2-naphthol) as intermediate product. Enzyme catalyzed this decolorization process was cytoplasmic and constitutive enzyme. 2. Both bacteria could grow on aromatic amine (Sulfanilic acid or 1-amino-2-naphthol) containing medium. C. indologenes consumed more sulfanilic acid than E. faecalis. 3. The best growth and Orange II decolorization performance of E. faecalis occured on 80 mg/l Orange II containing medium. Glucose concentration, pH of medium, and incubation temperature where E. faecalis gave the best growth and Orange II decolorization performance was 0.93 g/l, pH 7, and room temperature (28-35°C), respectively. In room temperature and medium pH of 7.0, C. indologenes also gave the best growth on sulfanilic acid containing medium. Moreover, C. indologenes could grow on 500 mg/l sulfanilic acid containing medium. 4. Inocculation of both bacteria (C. indologenes and E. faecalis) with cell concentration of C. indologenes were more than E. faecalis (3:1) in the initial bacterial culture on Orange II containing medium gave the best Orange II degradation. This synergistic growth of C. indologenes and E. faecalis which caused the highest decolorization rate of Orange II and sulfanilic acid consumption were 0.8 h-1 (14.6 mg/h) and 82%, respectively.

Kata Kunci : Biodegradasi,Orange II,Chryseobacterium indologenes,Enterococcus faecalis