nverter, special functions assumed the city and continuous spatial planning system. A dynamics henomena of Pontianak City during assume "special functions" as the Waterfront City and Malay ultanate express a spatial planning systems that affected the shape and its arrangement character, tacro-scale urban space, messo and micro, absorbing spatial planning system during its life journey ·om time to time, so the city has typical characteristics from cities of the Malay Sultanate of another Vaterfront City in Southeast Asia The City dynamics affected by changes in global civilization, natural resources and potential of •lural and multicultural society is phenomenon in formation process (metamorphosis) and changes n city functions. Morphology is not only related to the physical and geometric shapes, but concerning nfluence factors from ideas, spatial planning character and key events that change the basic idea. The benefits of morphological study is to study the spatial planning systems and the :omponents underlying behind formation of the city, in order to understand the typical city problem; ro understand a continuous spatial planning system at developing local potential in conjunction with ~fforts to solve the urban problems. This approach produces the key to charting the direction for :Uture development. Morphology study includes two methods, namely: 1) Synchronic Analysis using ArcView GIS 3.3 mapping tool to make synchronize and typology the interviews outcome, the physical traces study and relevance of the present and previous condition. The element composition and space utilization is displayed in each layer. The linkage between components, spatial planning character and continuity pattern of the character elements produces visual shape and orientation, this explains the dominance of space in each layer and transformation of the of characterized spatial planning system continues. 2) Diachronic Analysis using historical analysis to find out an initial shape and product of developmental stages of city formation. Each stage gives expression. Peeling back the layers of history is fabric of some expression that gives a lot of meaning, to explain metamorphosis of form and change of space function as well as knowing how that which is come to be is a sound basis for future actions. Pontianak morphology is determined by initial setting of the city among the three coast river mouth (Kuala Pesisir) and three upland area river mouth (Kuala Perhuluan) and the site of city in three branches of the river channels, so the city has three main spaces - downstream (Hilir), middlestream (Tengah) and upstream (Hulu) zones. Configuration of the three main spaces is produced from the arrangement balance of physical and non physical elements and become direction of city orientation. This orientation based on the axis line 2JO and orbit line 360° namely: 1) the axis of the Lower-Middle-Upper (external linkage) is a natural potential. 2) The axis of father-MotherChild (internal linkage) is a community potential. 3) The circles of Natural Pillar (points of imaginary) is alignment of the two potentials. A long the radiants of the circles of Natural Pillar are coordinate points, on which kampungs are built. Canals are also built on these imaginary radiants. Mesjid Jami is central point in the circles of Natural Pillar. Each main spaces have processed become triangles form. One angle from each triangles center in Mesjid Jami, so city form is trapezium from composition of three triangles, which are the spatial system of city elements configuration. Currently, the city morphology covers the three cities component, namely: 1) Historical-cultural architecture, 2) Block and node components, and 3) natural-manmade structure. Pontianak city morphology is the life that continues to move forward. He will continue to learn in maturing himself, adapt and cope all driving force changes the city shape includes, among others: 1) Transit point. 2) Hegemonic power. 3) Mining and Timber Activities 4) The Plantation Activities. 5) foreign Government Intervention. 6) Upheaval and Modern Plantation. 7) The Role of Province Capital, 8) City Development Plan. Macro Scale, growth domination of space has been in the downstream zone. Messo Scale, transformation course of space elements jumps back and forth in the horizontal and vertical of canal (parit) since the three mutation phases of spatial pattern was disregarded. Micro Scale, the canals as fastening component of the architectural history-culture were going into transformation, so the spatial system has been missing orientation."> nverter, special functions assumed the city and continuous spatial planning system. A dynamics henomena of Pontianak City during assume "special functions" as the Waterfront City and Malay ultanate express a spatial planning systems that affected the shape and its arrangement character, tacro-scale urban space, messo and micro, absorbing spatial planning system during its life journey ·om time to time, so the city has typical characteristics from cities of the Malay Sultanate of another Vaterfront City in Southeast Asia The City dynamics affected by changes in global civilization, natural resources and potential of •lural and multicultural society is phenomenon in formation process (metamorphosis) and changes n city functions. Morphology is not only related to the physical and geometric shapes, but concerning nfluence factors from ideas, spatial planning character and key events that change the basic idea. The benefits of morphological study is to study the spatial planning systems and the :omponents underlying behind formation of the city, in order to understand the typical city problem; ro understand a continuous spatial planning system at developing local potential in conjunction with ~fforts to solve the urban problems. This approach produces the key to charting the direction for :Uture development. Morphology study includes two methods, namely: 1) Synchronic Analysis using ArcView GIS 3.3 mapping tool to make synchronize and typology the interviews outcome, the physical traces study and relevance of the present and previous condition. The element composition and space utilization is displayed in each layer. The linkage between components, spatial planning character and continuity pattern of the character elements produces visual shape and orientation, this explains the dominance of space in each layer and transformation of the of characterized spatial planning system continues. 2) Diachronic Analysis using historical analysis to find out an initial shape and product of developmental stages of city formation. Each stage gives expression. Peeling back the layers of history is fabric of some expression that gives a lot of meaning, to explain metamorphosis of form and change of space function as well as knowing how that which is come to be is a sound basis for future actions. Pontianak morphology is determined by initial setting of the city among the three coast river mouth (Kuala Pesisir) and three upland area river mouth (Kuala Perhuluan) and the site of city in three branches of the river channels, so the city has three main spaces - downstream (Hilir), middlestream (Tengah) and upstream (Hulu) zones. Configuration of the three main spaces is produced from the arrangement balance of physical and non physical elements and become direction of city orientation. This orientation based on the axis line 2JO and orbit line 360° namely: 1) the axis of the Lower-Middle-Upper (external linkage) is a natural potential. 2) The axis of father-MotherChild (internal linkage) is a community potential. 3) The circles of Natural Pillar (points of imaginary) is alignment of the two potentials. A long the radiants of the circles of Natural Pillar are coordinate points, on which kampungs are built. Canals are also built on these imaginary radiants. Mesjid Jami is central point in the circles of Natural Pillar. Each main spaces have processed become triangles form. One angle from each triangles center in Mesjid Jami, so city form is trapezium from composition of three triangles, which are the spatial system of city elements configuration. Currently, the city morphology covers the three cities component, namely: 1) Historical-cultural architecture, 2) Block and node components, and 3) natural-manmade structure. Pontianak city morphology is the life that continues to move forward. He will continue to learn in maturing himself, adapt and cope all driving force changes the city shape includes, among others: 1) Transit point. 2) Hegemonic power. 3) Mining and Timber Activities 4) The Plantation Activities. 5) foreign Government Intervention. 6) Upheaval and Modern Plantation. 7) The Role of Province Capital, 8) City Development Plan. Macro Scale, growth domination of space has been in the downstream zone. Messo Scale, transformation course of space elements jumps back and forth in the horizontal and vertical of canal (parit) since the three mutation phases of spatial pattern was disregarded. Micro Scale, the canals as fastening component of the architectural history-culture were going into transformation, so the spatial system has been missing orientation.">
Laporkan Masalah

Morfologi Kota Pontianak

ALQADRIE, Roosandra Dian Wijaya, Ir. Ikaputra, M.Eng., Ph.D

2010 | Tesis | S2 Teknik Arsitektur

Setiap kota memiliki kesamaan elemen struktur dan ciri-cirinya. Faktor pembeda antara 1tu kota dengan kota lainnya adalah morfologi yang mencakup komponen kota, kekuatan pengubah ~ntuk, fungsi khusus yang diemban kota dan sistem penataan ruang yang kontinu. Fenomena .namika Kota Pontianak selama mengemban "fungsi khusus" sebagai Kota Tepian Air dan esultanan Melayu mengekspresikan sistem penataan ruang yang mempengaruhi bentuk dan sifat mataannya. Ruang kota skala makro, messo dan mikro menyerap (absorb) sistem penatan itu ~lama perjalanan hidupnya dari masa ke masa, sehingga ia memiliki karakteristik khas dari Kota esultanan Melayu Tepian Air lainnya di Asia Tenggara. Dinamika kota yang dipengaruhi oleh perubahan peradaban global (global civilization), Jtensi alam (natural resources) dan potensi masyarakat Madani (plural and multicultural) .erupakan fenomena di dalam proses pembentukan (metamorphosis) dan perubahan fungsi kota. orfologi lli1ak saja berhubungan dengan bentuk fisik dan geometris, melainkan juga mengenai ktor pengaruh dari ide, sifat penataan ruang dan peristiwa penting pengubah ide dasarnya Manfaat :udi morfologi adalah untuk mempelajari sistem penataan ruang dan komponen yang mendasari di :~lik bentukan kota, agar dapat memahami permasalahan kota yang khas. Pemahaman sistem enataan kontinus dalam pengembangan potensi lokal seiring sejalan dengan upaya pemecahan tasalah kota Pendekatan ini menghasilkan the key to charting the direction for future development Studi Morfologi meliputi dua metode, yaitu: 1) Analisis Sinkronis menggunakan alat bantu reView GIS 3.3 dalam sinkronisasi dan tipologis hasil wawancara, studi jejak fisik dan relevansi Jndisi sekarang dan sebelumnya. Susunan elemen dan guna ruang ditampilkan di setiap layer. eterkaitan antar komponen, sifat penataan ruang dan pola keberlanjutan elemen karakter 1enghasilkan bentuk visual dan orientasi. lni menjelaskan dominasi kemenyolokan ruang di setiap yer dan transformasi sistem penataan berkarakter (countinues). 2) Analisis Diakronis menggunakan istorical analysis untuk mengetahui bentuk awal dan produk dari tahapan perkembangan formasi Jta. Setiap tahap memberikan ekspresi. Peeling back the layers of history merupakan jalinan eberapa ekpresi yang memberikan banyak arti, agar menjelaskan metamorfosis bentuk dan erubahan fungsi ruang serta knowing how that which is come to be is a sound basis for future action. Morfologi Kota Pontianak ditentukan oleh seting awal kota di antara tiga kuala pesisir dan ga kuala perhuluan serta tapak (site) kota di jalur sungai bercabang tiga, sehingga kota 1enghasilkan tiga ruang utama --Zona Hilir, Zona Tengah dan Zona Hulu. Konfigurasi ketiga ruang ihasilkan dari keseimbangan susunan elemen fisik dan non fisik dan menjadi arah orientasi ruang Jta. Orientasi berpijak kepada garis sumbu 23° dan garis orbit 360°, yaitu: 1) Sumbu Hilir-Tengahulu (ekternal linkage) merupakan potensi alam. 2) Sumbu Ayah-Anak-lbu (internal linkage) 1erupakan potensi masyarakat 3) Lingkaran Pilar Alam (points of imaginer) merupakan keselarasan edua potensi. Mesjid Jami dibangun sebagai titik pusat Lingkaran Pilar Alam. Parit Kampung 1erupakan jari-jari imajiner lingkaran Pilar Alam. Perkampungan dibangun membentuk titik-titik oordinat lingkaran Pilar Alam. Ketiga zona masing-masing berproses menjadi bentuk segitiga. Salah 1tu sudut dari segitiga tersebut berporos di titik pusat lingkaran, sehingga bentuk kota merupakan ·apesium dari susunan segitiga ruang-ruang utama yang merupakan sistem penataan dari onfigurasi elemen-elemen kota. Morfologi kota saat ini meliputi tiga komponen, yaitu: 1) Komponen ejarah dan Budaya Arsitektur (historical-cultural architecture). 2) Komponen blok dan node (block· ode). 3) Komponen struktur (natural-manmade structure). Morfologi Kota Pontianak adalah kehidupan yang terus bergerak maju ke depan. Ia akan ~rus belajar untuk mendewasakan diri, menyesuaikan dan menghadapi segala kekuatan pendorong mg mengubah bentuk kota meliputi, antara lain: 1) Titik transit 2) Kekuatan Hegemonis. 3) egiatan Pertambangan dan Perkayuan. 4) Kegiatan Perkebunan. 5) lntervensi Pemerintahan Asing. } Pergolakan dan Perkebunan Modern. 7) Peranan lbukota Provinsi. 8) Rencana Pembangunan Kota. kala Makro, dominasi pertumbuhan ruang berada di Zona Hilir. Skala Messo, arah transformasi Iemen ruang melompat bolak-balik di parit membujur dan melintang karena tahapan mutasi tiga Jang dari pola spasial diabaikan. Skala Mikro, parit sebagai pengikat komponen sejarah-budaya rsitektur telah mengalami transformasi, sehingga tata ruang kota mengalami kehilangan orientasi.

Each city has similarity in structural elements and its characteristics. A distinguishing factor etween one city to another is morphology that includes the components of city, the power of shape >nverter, special functions assumed the city and continuous spatial planning system. A dynamics henomena of Pontianak City during assume "special functions" as the Waterfront City and Malay ultanate express a spatial planning systems that affected the shape and its arrangement character, tacro-scale urban space, messo and micro, absorbing spatial planning system during its life journey ·om time to time, so the city has typical characteristics from cities of the Malay Sultanate of another Vaterfront City in Southeast Asia The City dynamics affected by changes in global civilization, natural resources and potential of •lural and multicultural society is phenomenon in formation process (metamorphosis) and changes n city functions. Morphology is not only related to the physical and geometric shapes, but concerning nfluence factors from ideas, spatial planning character and key events that change the basic idea. The benefits of morphological study is to study the spatial planning systems and the :omponents underlying behind formation of the city, in order to understand the typical city problem; ro understand a continuous spatial planning system at developing local potential in conjunction with ~fforts to solve the urban problems. This approach produces the key to charting the direction for :Uture development. Morphology study includes two methods, namely: 1) Synchronic Analysis using ArcView GIS 3.3 mapping tool to make synchronize and typology the interviews outcome, the physical traces study and relevance of the present and previous condition. The element composition and space utilization is displayed in each layer. The linkage between components, spatial planning character and continuity pattern of the character elements produces visual shape and orientation, this explains the dominance of space in each layer and transformation of the of characterized spatial planning system continues. 2) Diachronic Analysis using historical analysis to find out an initial shape and product of developmental stages of city formation. Each stage gives expression. Peeling back the layers of history is fabric of some expression that gives a lot of meaning, to explain metamorphosis of form and change of space function as well as knowing how that which is come to be is a sound basis for future actions. Pontianak morphology is determined by initial setting of the city among the three coast river mouth (Kuala Pesisir) and three upland area river mouth (Kuala Perhuluan) and the site of city in three branches of the river channels, so the city has three main spaces - downstream (Hilir), middlestream (Tengah) and upstream (Hulu) zones. Configuration of the three main spaces is produced from the arrangement balance of physical and non physical elements and become direction of city orientation. This orientation based on the axis line 2JO and orbit line 360° namely: 1) the axis of the Lower-Middle-Upper (external linkage) is a natural potential. 2) The axis of father-MotherChild (internal linkage) is a community potential. 3) The circles of Natural Pillar (points of imaginary) is alignment of the two potentials. A long the radiants of the circles of Natural Pillar are coordinate points, on which kampungs are built. Canals are also built on these imaginary radiants. Mesjid Jami is central point in the circles of Natural Pillar. Each main spaces have processed become triangles form. One angle from each triangles center in Mesjid Jami, so city form is trapezium from composition of three triangles, which are the spatial system of city elements configuration. Currently, the city morphology covers the three cities component, namely: 1) Historical-cultural architecture, 2) Block and node components, and 3) natural-manmade structure. Pontianak city morphology is the life that continues to move forward. He will continue to learn in maturing himself, adapt and cope all driving force changes the city shape includes, among others: 1) Transit point. 2) Hegemonic power. 3) Mining and Timber Activities 4) The Plantation Activities. 5) foreign Government Intervention. 6) Upheaval and Modern Plantation. 7) The Role of Province Capital, 8) City Development Plan. Macro Scale, growth domination of space has been in the downstream zone. Messo Scale, transformation course of space elements jumps back and forth in the horizontal and vertical of canal (parit) since the three mutation phases of spatial pattern was disregarded. Micro Scale, the canals as fastening component of the architectural history-culture were going into transformation, so the spatial system has been missing orientation.

Kata Kunci : Tata ruang,Morfologi,Kota Pontianak

  1. S2-FTK-2010-Roosandra_Dian_Wijaya_Alqadrie-ABSTRACT.pdf  
  2. S2-FTK-2010-Roosandra_Dian_Wijaya_Alqadrie-BIBLIOGRAPHY.pdf  
  3. S2-FTK-2010-Roosandra_Dian_Wijaya_Alqadrie-TABLEOFCONTENT.pdf  
  4. S2-FTK-2010-Roosandra_Dian_Wijaya_Alqadrie-TITLE.pdf