Pemberdayaan ekonomi masyarakat nelayan perspektif ekonomi Islam :: Studi kasus Desa Labean Kecamatan Balaesang Kabupaten Donggala

DALIL, Moh, Drs. Dumairy, M.A

2010 | Tesis |

Dalam perspektif Islam, konsepsi ekonomi Islam menawarkan etika dalam melangsungkan interaksi usaha sesuai prinsip syariah, baik yang berkaitan dengan permodalan, proses produksi maupun pemasaran produk. Tidak semua masyarakat memahami konsepsi ekonomi Islam ini, sehingga tidak berdaya secara ekonomi. Karena itu, pemberdayaan ekonomi masyarakat perlu dilakukan demi peningkatan kesejahteraan ekonomi. Namun, sebagian besar upaya pemberdayaan masyarakat dilakukan pemerintah, walau sebenarnya tanggung jawab seluruh komponen, baik pemerintah, perguruan tinggi, lembaga swadaya masyarakat maupun masyarakat sendiri. Asal telah sesuai dengan konsepsi ekonomi Islam, program pemberdayaan masyarakat seperti itu tidak menimbulkan masalah. Karena itu, tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengevaluasi implementasi program pemberdayaan ekonomi yang dilakukan Pemerintah Daerah Kabupaten Donggala atas masyarakat nelayan pesisir Desa Labean dan menilai efektivitas implementasi program, baik dilihat dari segi peningkatan kesejahteraan nelayan, dari aspek keterlaksanaan program dan kegiatan pemberdayaan, maupun dari perspektif ekonomi Islam. Penelitian ini dilakukan menggunakan metode deskriptif kualitatif dengan pendekatan evaluatif. Lokasi penelitian ini adalah kawasan pesisir desa Labean, kecamatan Balaesang, kabupaten Donggala, Provinsi Sulawesi Tengah. Data yang digunakan adalah data primer yang diperoleh melalui observasi dan wawancara mendalam, dan data sekunder yang diperoleh lewat studi dokumenter. Data yang terkumpul dianalisis dengan teknik kualitatif. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa kondisi masyarakat nelayan lokal Labean di Kabupaten Donggala menunjukkan kondisi terbelakang dan marjinal. Ketidakberdayaan di kawasan itu ditandai dengan rendahnya posisi tawar nelayan Labean dalam berinteraksi dengan para nelayan pendatang. Implementasi program pemberdayaan masyarakat oleh Pemerintah Daerah Kabupaten Donggala dilakukan melalui kebijakan afirmatif, antara lain: (a) Pengembangan sarana-prasarana perikanan; (b) Pengembangan SDM nelayan; dan (c) Pembangunan kelembagaan untuk memberi jaminan sosial seperti melalui penetapan harga perikanan standar dan penyediaan permodalan memadai. Implementasi kebijakan afirmatif melalui pemberdayaan nelayan Labean relatif efektif yang ditandai dengan peningkatan pendapatan, hasil tangkapan, kepemilikan alat produksi, tempat tinggal, dan kemampuan menyekolahkan anak. Dari perspektif Islam, pemberdayaan nelayan di Labean kurang efektif karena belum memenuhi beberapa prinsip ekonomi Islam antara lain: (a) belum membuat nelayan Labean terbebas dari ketergantungan pada pihak lain; (b) pemerintah belum optimal memberikan jaminan berupa bantuan sarana-prasarana yang dibutuhkan nelayan; (c) belum menimbulkan distribusi kekayaan yang merata; dan (d) pemberdayaan nelayan belum dapat menciptakan sistem kepemilikan harta yang setara.

In Islamic perspective, the conception of Islamic economy offers ethics in doing business interactions in accordance with sharia principles closely related to capitals, production process, and product marketing. Not all societies understand the conception of Islamic economy, so they are powerless in their economic life. Therefore, economic empowerment of the society is necessary for improvement in economic welfare. However, most efforts of empowering the society are carried out by government, although they should be responsibilities of all components, including government, universities, non-government organizations, and society itself. In fact, such community empowerment program is not problematic, provided it is in accordance with the principles of Islamic economy. Therefore, purposes of this study are to evaluate implementation of economic empowerment program by Local Government of Donggala Regency among the fishermen society in Labean Village and to assess the effectiveness of program implementation in view of the increase of fishermen’s welfare, the implementedness of empowerment programs and activities, and conformity with Islamic perspective. The study was conducted by using a deskriptive qualitative method with an evaluative approach. Location of the study was coastal area of Labean village, Balaesang subdistrict, Donggala regency, Central Celebes Province. Data used in the study were primary data obtained through observation and in-dept interview, and secondary data obtained through documentary study. The data collected were analyzed by using a qualitative technique. Result of the study indicates that the conditions of local fishermen society in Labean Village Donggala Regency were underdeveloped and marginal. Powerlessness in the area was characterized by the low level of local fisherment’s bargaining power in interaction with outside ones. Implementation of the community empowerment program by Local Government of Donggala Regency was carried out through affirmative policies: (a) the building of fishery infrastructures, (b) the development of human resources among the fishermen, and (c) the development of institutional system for social assurance by determining the standard prices of fish and allocating adequate budgets for fishermen’ capital. In view of the increase of fishermen’s welfare, the implementation of the affirmative policies through the empowerment of fishermen in Labean Village was relatively effective, which was characterized by the increased income, fish capture, the ownership of production equipements, residence, and the capacity of sending children to school. However, from Islamic perspective, the emporwerment was less effective because it did not meet several principles of the Islamic economy, including: (a) the empowerment did not liberate the fishermen from their economic independence to other parties; (b) Local Goverment was not optimal in providing them with social assurances of adequate infrastructures and capitals from public budget necessary for fishermen; (c) the empowerment did not create the even distribution of property; and (d) it could not establish the system of equal property ownership.

Kata Kunci : Masyarakat nelayan,Ketidakberdayaan,Kebijakan afirmatif,Pemberdayaan ekonomi,Perspektif ekonomi Islam, Fishermen community, Powerlessnes, Affirmative Policy Economic empowerment, Islamic economy perspective