Pengaruh timbre tabla bayan terhadap deskriminasi stimulus dan persepsi emosi musik kelompok penyuka, netral, dan tidak suka musik dangdut

NUGROHO, Dwi Atmoko Agung, Prof. Th. Dicky Hastjarjo, Ph.D

2010 | Tesis | S2 Magister Sains Psikologi

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menjawab persoalan teoritik mengenai faktor mana yang lebih mengontrol respons subjek terhadap timbre musik antara apakah faktor akustik instrumen (termasuk attack-decay) ataukah faktor preferensi genre (jenis musik) melalui uji pengaruh timbre tabla bayan terhadap diskriminasi stimulus dan persepsi emosi musik di kelompok penyuka musik dangdut/KE (N=18), netral musik dangdut/KK1 (N=18), dan tidak suka musik dangdut/KK2 (N=18). Penelitian ini didukung oleh partisipasi subjek mahasiswa/i S1-S2 ilmu Sosial-Humaniora dan Kedokteran Hewan Universitas Gadjah Mada Yogyakarta. Para subjek berusia 17-32 tahun. Penelitian menggunakan rancangan randomized experiment between-within subjects. Setiap subjek KE, KK1, KK2 menerima perlakuan acak berupa rangkaian 3 stimulus musik: M1 (musik dengan timbre tabla bayan alami ber-pitch G#1 dan ber-tone’s attack 0,403 detik per stroke), M2 (musik tanpa timbre tabla bayan sebagai kontrol/ placebo), dan M3 (musik dengan timbre tabla bayan sintetis ber-pitch G#1 dan ber-tone’s attack 0,085 detik per stroke). Respons subjek diukur dengan software StimoV1.0 yang terdiri dari skala diskriminasi stimulus (similarity scaling), skala persepsi emosi (semantic differential): semangat-tidak semangat, suka-tidak suka, asyik-tidak asyik, erotis-tidak erotis, dan pengukuran waktu reaksi dalam satuan detik. Secara umum hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pengaruh timbre musik terhadap diskriminasi stimulus lebih dikontrol oleh faktor akustik (termasuk attack-decay) dan tidak dikontrol oleh faktor preferensi terhadap jenis musik (genre). Namun bagaimanapun juga, pengaruh timbre musik terhadap persepsi emosi musik ikut dikontrol oleh faktor preferensi terhadap jenis musik (genre).

The research purposed to answers a theoretical issue about the control factors of the subject response on musical timbre between acoustic factors (including attack-decay) or genre (type of music) preference factors by testing the effects of bayan tabla timbre on stimulus discrimination and perception of music emotion in a dangdut music fans group/KE (N=18), neutral group/KK1 (N=18), and haters group/ KK2 (N=18). The research is supported by the participation of undergraduate and graduate students from Social- Humanities and Veterinary Medicine Sciences at Gadjah Mada University. All subjects aged 17-32 years. A randomized experiment between-within subjects design is used in the research method. Each subject in KE, KK1, KK2 receive a random series treatment of three music stimuli: M1 (a music which has natural bayan tabla timbre [in G#1 pitch and its tone's attack is 0.403 seconds per stroke]), M2 (a music without bayan tabla timbre as the control/placebo), and M3 (a music which has synthetic bayan tabla timbre [in G#1 pitch and its tone's attack is 0.085 seconds per stroke]). The subject response is measured by StimoV1.0 software which consists of stimulus discrimination scale (similarity scaling), emotion perception scale (semantic differential scale): strong-not strong, happy-not happy, fun- not fun, erotic-not erotic, and the reaction time measurement in seconds. In general, the results shown that the effects of musical timbre on stimulus discrimination is more controlled by acoustic factors (including attack-decay) and is not controlled by preference factors to type of music (genre). But however, the effects of musical timbre on perception of music emotion can be controlled by preference factors to type of music (genre).

Kata Kunci : Stimulus discrimination,Percepstion of music emotion,Timbre,Attack,decay,Bayan tabla,Dangdut music, stimulus discrimination, perception of music emotion, timbre, attack-decay, bayan tabla, dangdut music