Hubungan antara faktor habitat mangrove dengan keanekaragaman biota perairan di Taman Nasional Alas Purwo

PRAMONO, Eka Putra, Dr. Erny Poedjirahajoe, M.P

2010 | Tesis | S2 Ilmu Kehutanan

Kawasan hutan mangrove Taman Nasional Alas Purwo merupakan hutan mangrove terluas di Pulau Jawa yang tumbuh secara alami di Sungai Segoro Anak, Teluk Grajagan. Kealamian hutan mangrove memiliki keanekaragaman hayati yang unik dan memiliki fungsi yang sangat penting baik fungsi ekologi, fungsi sosial maupun fungsi ekonomi sehingga perlu dijaga kelestariannya. Faktor habitat merupakan faktor penting untuk menilai perkembangan hutan mangrove, salah satunya berkaitan dengan tingkat kerusakan hutan mangrove yang dipengaruhi oleh kondisi dan kualitas habitatnya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui faktor habitat antara lain salinitas, suhu permukaan, pH, oksigen terlarut (DO) , ketebalan lumpur dan substrat lumpur , mengetahui hubungan faktor habitat dengan kerapatan vegetasi hutan mangrove dan mengetahui hubungan faktor habitat dengan kepadatan biota perairan. Penelitian dilakukan menggunakan metode systematic sampling yang terdiri dari sembilan blok pengamatan dan masing-masing blok dibagi kedalam empat plot penelitian berbentuk lingkaran. Data yang diambil meliputi faktor habitat, vegetasi, dan biota perairan kemudian dianalisis dengan menghitung indeks nilai penting, kerapatan vegetasi, kepadatan biota perairan dan indeks keanekaragaman. Hubungan kerapatan vegetasi dan kepadatan biota perairan dengan faktor habitat dianalisis dengan regresi linier berganda. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa keanekaragaman vegetasi dan biota perairan berada pada tingkat rendah sampai moderat. Nilai Indeks Keanekaragaman vegetasi (H’) antara 0,54-1,87. Indeks Keanekaragaman biota perairan (H’) antara 0,693-1,712. Hubungan antara kerapatan vegetasi dengan faktor habitat kurang kuat terlihat dari nilai koefisien determinasi (R2) antara 0,545- 0,575, sedangkan hubungan biota perairan dengan faktor habitat ditemukan cukup kuat terlihat dari nilai koefisien determinasi (R2) antara 0,740-0,921.

Mangrove forest area Alas Purwo National Park is the largest mangrove forest in Java Island that grows naturally at River of Segoro Anak, Bay Grajagan. The natural mangrove forest has a unique biodiversity and has a very important function both ecological function, social function and economic functions that need to be preserved. Habitat factors are important factors to assess the development of mangrove forest, one of which related to the rate of mangrove deforestation are influenced by the condition and quality of habitat. This study aims to determine the habitat factors such as salinity, surface temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen (DO), sludge and mud substrate thickness, knowing the relationship between the habitat factors with dense vegetation of mangrove forest and find out the relationship between the habitat factors with the density of aquatic biota. The research was conducted using systematic sampling method which consists of nine blocks of observations and each block is divided into four research plots circular. The data captured includes habitat factors, vegetation, and aquatic biota and then analyzed by calculating an INP, density of vegetation, aquatic biota density and diversity index. The relationship between density of aquatic biota and density of vegetation with habitat factors were analyzed with multiple regression. The result showed that the diversity of vegetation and aquatic biota are at low to moderate levels. Vegetation Diversity Index (H ') with the value of 0.54- 1.70. Biota diversity Index (H ') with the value of 0.693 1.712. The relationship between vegetation density and habitat factors appear less powerful to be seen from the coefficient of determination (R2) with the value of 0.545-0.575, while the relationship between the aquatic biota and habitat factor was found strong enough to be seen from the coefficient of determination (R2) with the value of 0.740- 0.921.

Kata Kunci : Mangrove, Keanekaragaman, Biota perairan, Habitat, mangrove, diversity, aquatic biota, habitat