Development of village tourism in Sleman Regency, Yogyakarta :: Case studies in Three Villages

DORIS, Roma, Ir. Suryanto, MSP

2010 | Tesis | S2 MPKD

Pendekatan pembangunan yang memposisikan masyarakat sebagai bagian tak terpisahkan dari proses pembangunan adalah inti dari pembangunan berbasis masyarakat atau dikenal juga sebagai community based development. Dalam sektor pariwisata konsep tersebut dikenal sebagai community based tourism (CBT). Salah satu bentuk CBT adalah desa wisata. Sejumlah desa di Kabupaten Sleman, Yogyakarta, telah mengimplementasikan konsep desa wisata dalam pembangunan wilayahnya sekaligus dalam rangka merespon paradigma baru pariwisata, di mana masyarakat lokal berperan sebagai penanggung jawab utama dalam pembangunan pariwisata di daerah masing-masing. Dalam perkembangan desa wisata di Sleman, sejumlah desa terlihat lamban dan tidak terbangun dengan baik, sementara sejumlah lainnya menunjukkan tanda-tanda pembangunan positif. Berdasarkan phenomena tersebut, riset ini memfokuskan diri mengkaji faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi performa pembangunan sejumlah desa wisata dan efektifitas dari organisasi pariwisata yang ada di desa tersebut melalui metode kualitatif dengan melakukan wawancara langsung dan pengumpulan data sekunder. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa partisipasi masyrakat merupakan faktor terpenting dalam menentukan efektifitas sebuah organisasi pariwisata desa. Selanjutnya riset juga menemukan bahwa efektifitas organisasi pariwisata menentukan sukses tidaknya proses pembangunan desa wisata.

Several villages in Sleman Regency in Yogyakarta, Indonesia, have implemented the village tourism development concept in order to respond to the new tourism paradigm, which makes local communities responsible for tourism development in their region. This development approach, which positions society as an un-separated aspect of the tourism product and defines the tourism product as a social development process, is the essence of community based tourism (CBT) development. Village tourism initiatives are designed and operated to provide economic benefits to the community, rather than having large corporations reap the benefits through all-inclusive resorts. The main theme is to put local communities at the heart of tourism initiatives in an effort to create win-win solutions concerning the management of tourism destinations. In tourism development, some villages tend to be slow and not welldeveloped, while others show positive signs. Based on these phenomena, the objective of this research is to examine the factors influencing the differences in the performance of villages, and the effectiveness of tourism organizations in the village tourism. This research finds that three organization effectiveness conditions: fair benefits distribution, use of local resources, and community participations are found in different in each tourism village in their development. Community participation is the most decisive requirement in determining the organization effectiveness. When people's participation decreased, it simultaneously decreased the made lower number of tourists, limited employment opportunities, and left tourism business undeveloped. In short, the research proves that organization effectiveness determines the success of the development of village tourism.

Kata Kunci : Desa wisata,Pembangunan berbasis kerakyatan,Community Based tourism,Effektifitas organisasi