Populasi dan status resistensi larva aedes aegypti terhadap insektisida organofosfat di Kecamatan Pati

MULYOWATI, Tri, Dr. drh. Sitti Rahmah Umniyati, SU

2010 | Tesis | S2 Ilmu Kedokteran Dasar

Latar Belakang. Pencegahan dan pengendalian DBD saat ini tergantung pada pengendalian vektor nyamuk, Ae.aegypti bisa di dalam dan di sekitar rumah, di mana sebagian besar penularan terjadi. Insektisida organofosfat (Malation dan temephos) telah banyak digunakan di Pati selama beberapa tahun, namun kasus demam berdarah masih tinggi. sayangnya, tidak ada laporan mengenai status resistensi terhadap insektisida organofosfat, dan kepadatan populasi vektor di Kecamatan Pati Tujuan. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui kepadatan populasi dan status resistensi di daerah endemis, sporadis dan non endemis di Kecamatan Pati. Metode. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian observasional analitik dengan pendekatan cross-sectional. teknik pengambilan sampel menggunakan simple random sampling, dan survei larva dan pupa dilakukan di daerah endemis, sporadis, dan daerah non endemis untuk menentukan indeks entomologis (Angka Bebas Jentik (LFI), Breteu Index (BI ), dan pupa Index (PI). Status resistensi larva Aedes aegypti terhadap insektisida organofosfat dilakukan dengan cara mengukur aktivitas enzim esterase non spesifik dengan uji biokemis, dan status resistensi terhadap temefos ditentukan dengan uji hayati menggunakan dosis diagnostik 0,02 ppm. Hubungan antara kepadatan populasi dan status resistensi dianalisis dengan uji chi square. Hasil. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa kepadatan populasi di daerah endemis, sporadis dan nonendemis tinggi. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa Angka Bebas Jentik (LFI) di daerah endemis, sporadis, dan daerah non endemis masing-masing sebanyak 43%, 76%, dan 74%, sedangkan Breteu Index (BI) masing-masing adalah 88,3, 36,36, 47,7, sedangkan Pupa Indeks (PI) masing-masing sebanyak 35, 7,27, dan 12,7. Larva Ae. aegypti dikumpulkan dari daerah endemis, sporadis, dan daerah non endemis ditemukan rentan terhadap temefos, tetapi aktivitas enzim esterase non spesifik baik larva Ae.aegypti yang dikumpulkan dari daerah endemis dan sporadis berpotensi resisten terhadap insektisida organofosfat karena peningkatan aktivitas enzim esterase non spesifik. Kesimpulan. Kepadatan populasi Aedes sp di daerah endemis, sporadis dan nonendemis tinggi, Status larva Ae.aegypti yang dikumpulkan dari daerah endemis dan sporadis berpotensi resisten terhadap insektisida organofosfat akibat peningkatan aktivitas enzim esterase non spesifik, dan ada hubungan antara kepadatan populasi dengan status resistensi larva Ae.aegypti terhadap insektisida organofosfat di Kecamatan Pati (P <0,05).

Background. Prevention and control of dengue and DHF currently depends on controlling the mosquito vector, Ae.aegypti in and around the home, where most transmission occurs. Organophosphates insecticides (Malathion and temephos) have been widely used in Pati for several years; however dengue cases are still high. Unfotunately, there is no report on resistance status against the organophosphates insecticides, and population densities of the vector in Pati District. Objective. The purpose of this study to determine the population density and status of resistance in endemic areas, sporadis and non-endemic in the District of Pati. Methods. The study was an analytic observational study with cross-sectional approach, using the simple random sampling.Larva and pupa survey were conducted in endemic, sporadic, and non endemic areas to determine entomologic indices (Larva Free Index(LFI), Breteu Index (BI), and Pupae Index (PI). The resistance status of Aedes aegypti larvae to organophosphate insecticides were conducted by rapid non specific esterase enzyme microassays, and the resistance status to temephos were determined by exposing the larvae to diagnostic dosage of 0,02 ppm. The relationship between population densities and resistance status was analyzed by chi square test. Results. The results of this study indicate that the density of population in endemic areas, sporadis and nonendemis are high. It revealed that Larvae Free Index (LFI) in endemic, sporadic, and non endemic areas were 43%, 76%, and 74% respectively, whereas the Breteu Index (BI) were 88.3, 36.36, and 47.7 respectively, meanwhile the Pupa Index (PI) were 35, 7.27, and 12.7 respectively. Aedes aegypti larva collected from endemic, sporadic, and non endemic areas were found to be susceptible to temephos, but by the rapid non specific esterase enzyme microassays both Ae.aegypti larvae collected from endemic and sporadic areas were potentially resistant to organophosphate insecticides due to elevated non specific esterase activity. Conclusions. The population density of Aedes sp in endemic, sporadic and nonendemic areas are high, The status of Ae.aegypti larvae collected from endemic and sporadic areas were potentially resistant to organophosphate insecticides due to elevated non specific esterase activity, and there is relationship between population densities with the resistance status Ae.aegypti larvae to organophosphate insecticide in District of Pati (P<0,05).

Kata Kunci : Kecamatan Pati,Aeaefypti DBD,Organofosfat