Keterlibatan nenek dalam pengasuhan dan kematangan sosial anak di Kecamatan Banjarmasin Selatan Kota Banjarmasin

RUSMILAWATY, Prof. dr. Djauhar Ismail., SpA(K).,MPH.,PhD

2010 | Tesis | S2 Ilmu Kesehatan Masyarakat

Latar Belakang: Tipe keluarga besar (extended family) sering ditemui di Kota Banjarmasin. Ini merupakan budaya di masyarakat, dimana anak yang sudah menikah tinggal dalam satu rumah dengan orang tua sehingga pengasuhan anak sangat dipengaruhi oleh anggota keluarga lainnya termasuk nenek. Tingginya kuantitas keterlibatan kakek nenek berhubungan dengan peningkatan hiperaktif dan kesulitan dalam bersosialisasi. Tujuan Penelitian: Diketahuinya perbedaan kematangan sosial anak usia 4-5 tahun berdasakan keterlibatan nenek dalam pengasuhan di Kecamatan Banjarmasin Selatan Kota Banjarmasin. Metode Penelitian: Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian observasional dengan rancangan cross sectional study melalui pendekatan kuantitafif dan didukung data kualitatif. Varibel bebas (keterlibatan nenek dalam pengasuhan) dan varibel terikat (kematangan sosial anak). Penarikan sampel dilakukan dengan two stage cluster sampling. Sampel penelitian kuantitatif berjumlah 132 siswa. Data diolah dengan analisis univariabel, analisis bivariabel (chi square) dan analisis multivariabel (regresi logistik). Hasil Penelitian: Ada hubungan yang bermakna secara konsisten antara keterlibatan nenek tinggi (OR=5,49; CI=2,17-13,86) dan keterlibatan nenek rendah (OR=2,60; CI=1,01-6,65) dengan kematangan sosial anak setelah dianalisis secara bersama-sama dengan pendidikan dan umur ibu. Hasil wawancara menggambarkan, bahwa nenek sangat membantu ibu dalam mengasuh anak tetapi mengawasi kegiatan anak secara berlebihan sehingga membatasi sosialisasi dan memberikan bantuan terus menerus kepada anak sehingga tidak mandiri dan tidak bertanggung jawab. Kesimpulan: Semakin tinggi keterlibatan nenek dalam pengasuhan maka semakin tinggi proporsi anak dengan kematangan sosial yang lebih rendah dari anak seusianya. Perlunya dilakukan promosi secara berkala kepada orang tua dan nenek melalui penyuluhan, seminar, distribusi leaflet dan brosur tentang pengasuhan yang tepat.

Background: Extended family is commonly found in Banjarmasin Municipality. It becomes a culture in the community where by a son or a daughter that has been married live in the same house with parents so that child rearing is largely influenced by other members of the family including grandmother. High quantity of grandparents' involvement is associated with increase of hyperactivity and difficulty in socialization. Objective: To identify difference in social maturity of children of 4-5 years based on grandmother's involvement in rearing at Subdistrict of Banjarmasin Selatan Banjarmasin Municipality. Method: The study was observational that used cross sectional design, quantitative and qualitative data. The independent variable was grandmother's involvement in rearing and the dependent variable was child social maturity. Samples consisted of 132 children taken with two stage cluster sampling technique. Data were processed using univariate, bivariate (chi-square) and multivariate (logistic regression) analysis. Result: There was consistently significant association between grandmother's high involvement (OR=5.49; CI=2.17-13.86) and low involvement (OR=2.60; CI=1.01-6.65) and child social maturity after simultaneously being analyzed with mother's education and age. The result of interview showed that grandmothers largely helped mothers in rearing but controlled child activities excessively thus limited socialization and continuously assisted children thus they become dependent and irresponsible. Conclusion: Higher involvement of grandmothers in rearing meant higher proportion of children with lower social maturity than the peers. It was necessary to give promotion to parents and grandmothers through dissemination of information, seminar and leaflet on appropriate child rearing.

Kata Kunci : Keterlibatan nenek,Kematangan sosial,Sosial maturity,anak prasekolah