Politik elite Muhammadiyah :: Studi tentang fragmentasi elite Muhammadiyah dalam pemilihan umum 2009

EFENDI, David, Nanang Indra Kurniawan, SIP.., MPA

2010 | Tesis | S2 Ilmu Politik

This studies entitled by "Muhammadiyah Political Elite, Case study:Elite Fragmentation of Muhammadiyah in Election 2009" is aimed at two things. First, to answers several questions correlate with a role in the politics of civil society in developing countries including Indonesia, because there are many allegations that Muhammadiyah (MD) were used as political vehicles by its elites to take double advantages in uncertainty politics. Second, to discuss new discourse about the political fragmentation of the Islamic Organization in the contexts in elite theory and power relations in contemporary Indonesia. The significance of this study is how the Muhammadiyah elites compete each other to face political agenda in general elections 2009 which linked with the implication of the influence of civil society movement in transformation Indonesia politics and democracy.In Muhammadiyah’s khitoh perspective, this rganization is standing up and moving beyond the political power (“politik praktis”). Although based on to its political history, almost 100 years Muhammadiyah is not separated by the pull of the political crush. For instance, in many elections 1955, 2004, 2009. Muhammadiyah is accommodative in politics through representation in the presidency of cabinet.Muhamamdiyah’s elites are never absence in involving and squeezing themselves in a political maelstrom for the 'power'. It their view, power is often described as a media of ‘da'wah’. By the power and influence they ensure that state power is in line with the Muhamamdiyah’s goals. Therefore, its elites always try taking positions to spread influence in government policy. Instead, the authorities require social legitimacy as MD,had(modality in view of Bourdeu). State need more supporter in order to enforce political policy (Putnam, Elite Theory,). It means that both state and Muhammadiyah need a symbiotic mutualism; need to build cooperation, political contract, even necessary political conspiracy.Seduced Muhammadiyah’s elite in responding political liberalization after Soeharto Era had serious consequences from previous years. The logical consequence was named division or fragmentation of the Muhammadiyah’s elite such as;fundamentalist faction politics, actively moderate, passively moderate, khitoist, and nonpartisan,apolitics or apathy. This follows the logic of the liberal market in producing contestation and competition between elites to gain power as what Adam Smith thought, “with minimum capital, to gain maximum profit.”But, the reality shows there are many gap between elite and mass/voter. When elites were trying to mobilize mass voter in choosing presidency candidate they didn’t engage mass to build understanding. In simple term, elite leaft and run running by their self. Rationalization that was built by elite was not matched properly by the mass. Then,the voters day by day had been more apathetic, apolitical and right political choice some time prior to voting. MD mass thought if one too political action are not followed and considered it was not Muhammadiyah identity. Actually, public think politics simpler and they will still have the same political as what Lord Acton said, power tent to corrupt and absolutely power corrupts absolutely. It increases much the apathy groups.To conclude, Muhammadiyah’s elite got involution in political strategy or according to another scientists, this situation was called “the changing continuity”.Situation that seems illustrate progress but actually, it is just repeating previous historical politics. Muhammadiyah’s elite in politics has not changed much even the political decline happens in this organization such as oligarchy and apathy in olitics.

Kata Kunci : Elite,Civil society,Political society,Fragmentation,Transformation,Political elites,The democratic transition