Perhitungan nilai kebisingan tunggal pesawat di Bandar Udara Adisutjipto Yogyakarta dengan metode ECAC (European Civil Aviation Conference)

CHRISNAWATI, Yustifa, Ir. Djoko Murwono, M.Sc

2010 | Tesis | S2 Magister Sistem dan Teknik Transportasi

Salah satu dampak lingkungan terbesar dari pengoperasian bandar udara adalah kebisingan akibat pergerakan berbagai jenis pesawat saat landing, take-off dan holding. Kebisingan tunggal saat pesawat melintas memiliki nilai yang berbeda-beda tergantung dengan jenis, pergerakan dan powerplant setting tiap pesawat. ECAC (European Civil Aviation Converence) menerbitkan ECAE.CEAC Doc.29 3rd Edition Vol. 1: Application Guide dan Vol. 2: Technical Guide yang berisi metode standar untuk menghitung nilai kebisingan pesawat di bandar udara. Metode ini disebut metode NPD (Noise-Power-Distance) yang menghitung nilai kebisingan tunggal pesawat sesuai dengan jenis, pergerakan dan powerplants setting tiap pesawat berdasarkan jarak terdekat titik pengamatan dengan posisi pesawat. Data pendukung metode ini disediakan oleh ANP Database (The International Aircraft Noise Performance Database). Penelitian dikhususkan pada pesawat Airbus A-320 dan Boeing B737-200 yang beroperasi di Bandar Udara Adisutjipto dengan mengamati flightrack dan ketinggian pesawat di Gedung Operasi dan Stasiun Radar Bandar Udara Adisutjipto Yogyakarta pada luasan 5 nautical mil dari pusat runway. Proses pemetaan wilayah bandar udara dan pembuatan kontur kebisingan tunggal menggunakan software AutoCAD Land Desktop Development dengan input peta rupabumi Bakosurtanal sesuai dengan koordinat UTM (Universal Transverse Mecator) Bandar Udara Adisutjipto di Zone 49 South, Meter; Cent. Meridian 111d E. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui perbandingan nilai kebisingan tunggal pesawat Airbus A-320 dan Boeing B737-200 dan kontur kebisingan tunggalnya saat pergerakan landing dan take-off. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan nilai maksimal kebisingan tunggal pesawat Airbus A-320 dan Boeing B737-200 saat landing adalah 82,77 dB dan 105,49 dB; nilai minimal 51,99 dB dan 74,65 dB; nilai rata-rata 65,93dB dan 89,35 dB. Nilai maksimal kebisingan tunggal pesawat A-320 dan B 737-200 saat take-off adalah 94,63 dB dan 114,02 dB; nilai minimal 67,78 dB dan 88,65 dB; nilai rata-rata 79,79 dB dan 99,35 dB. Jenis kebisingan tunggal pesawat adalah unsteady noise sub kategori intermittent noise. Pergerakan landing pesawat Airbus A-320 dan pesawat Boeing B737-200 menimbulkan area kebisingan tunggal primer I, II dan III serta area kebisingan sekunder I, II dan III. Pergerakan take-off pesawat Airbus A-320 dan pesawat Boeing B737-200 menimbulkan area kebisingan tunggal primer I, II dan III serta area kebisingan sekunder I dan II.

One of the biggest environment impact as a result of airport operations is the noise due to movement of different types of aircraft during landing, taking-off and holding. Single event aircraft noise have different value that depend on varies, type of movement and powerplant setting of aircraft. ECAC (European Civil Aviation Converence) publish ECAE.CEAC Doc.29 3rd Edition Vol. 1: Application Guide and Vol. 2: Technical GuideI which contains report standard method of computing noise contours around civil airport. This method is called NPD method (Noise-Power-Distance) which calculate the value of single event aircraft noise according to the type, movement and aircraft powerplant setting based on the closest slant distance of observationt point and aircraft position. Supportin data is provided by ANP Database (The International Aircraft Noise Performance Database). This research is devoted to Airbus A-320 and Boeing B737-200 which operating in Adisutjipto Airport by observing the flightrack and aircraft altitude in Bulding Operations and Radar Station of Adisutjipto Airport Yogyakarta in radius 5 nautical mil from the center runway. Airport mapping and single event noise contours processed using AutoCAD Land Desktop Development with topographical maps from Bakosurtanal as an input in accordance with UTM (Universal Transverse Mecator) coordinates of Adisutjipto Airport in Zone 49 South, Meter; Cent. Meridian 111d E. This study is aimed to compare the single event aircraft noise value and contours of A-320 and B 737-200 during landing and take-off movement. The results showed a maximum single event aircraft noise value of Airbus A-320 and Boeing B737-200 during landing is 82,77 dB and 105,49 dB; minimum value 51,99 dB and 74,65 dB; average value 65,93 dB and 89,35 dB. A maximum single event aircraft noise value of Airbus A-320 and Boeing B737-200 during take-off is 94,63 dB and 114,02 dB; minimum value 67,78 dB and 88,65 dB; average value 79,79 dB and 99,35 dB. The type of single event aircraft noise is unsteady noise sub-category of intermittent noise. Landing movement of Airbus A-320 and Boeing B737-200 generate primary single event noise area of I, II and III and also secondary single event noise area of I, II and III. Take-off movement of Airbus A-320 and Boeing B737-200 generate primary single event noise area of I, II and III and also secondary single event noise area of I and II.

Kata Kunci : Kebisingan pesawat, Noise, power, distance, Kontur kebisingan, aircraft noise, noise-power-distance, noise contour