Pengaruh lama dan suhu aktivasi terhadap kualitas dan struktur arang aktif dari limbah daun kayu putih untuk peningkatan kualitas air konsumsi di Kecamatan Piru Kabupaten Seram bagian Barat Maluku

SIRURU, Herman, Dr. Ir. J. Pramana Gentur Sutapa, M.Sc

2010 | Tesis | S2 Ilmu Kehutanan

Sampai saat ini limbah daun kayu putih (Melaleuca sp) pada industri penyulingan minyak kayu putih belum dimanfaatkan secara optimal. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh interaksi antara lama aktivasi dan suhu aktivasi terhadap kualitas dan struktur kimia arang aktif limbah daun kayu putih (Melaleuca sp). Arang aktif dengan kualitas tertinggi akan diaplikasikan untuk peningkatan kualitas air konsumsi. Limbah daun kayu putih pertama-tama dikarbonisasi dalam retort listrik selama 1,5 jam. Setelah menjadi arang dilanjutkan dengan aktivasi pada suhu 800°C, 900°C dan 1000°C selama 30 menit, 60 menit dan 90 menit. Nilai rata-rata yang dihasilkan dianalisis dengan uji statistik ANOVA, dan apabila hasil analisis keragaman berbeda nyata, maka diuji lanjut dengan uji HSD (Honestly Significant Difference). Arang aktif limbah daun kayu putih yang dihasilkan memiliki rendemen berkisar antara 63,537-86,617%, kadar air 5,364-7,564%, kadar zat mudah menguap 59,000-70,800%, kadar abu 17,400-19,900%, kadar krbon terikat 11,800- 21,200%, daya serap benzena 4,436-6,856%, daya serap iodium 362,362-733,018 (mg/g) dan daya serap biru metilen 128,447-137,273 (mg/g). Luas permukaan arang aktif limbah daun kayu putih kualitas tertinggi sebesar 186,100 m2/g dan kualitas terendah 147,400 m2/g. Hasil analisis FTIR pada arang aktif kualitas tertinggi menunjukkan adanya ikatan C–X, C–H, C–C, N–H, O–H dan kualitas arang aktif terendah menunjukkan adanya ikatan C–X, C–H, C–C, N=O, C=C, N–H, O–H. Analisis X-RD menunjukkan adanya struktur kristalin maupun amorf pada arang aktif kualitas tertinggi maupun terendah. Hasil Analisis TEM menunjukaan sifat porous pada arang aktif kualitas tertinggi maupun kualitas terendah. Kualitas terbaik arang aktif dapat menjernihkan air sumur dusun Waemeteng Darat kecamatan Piru yang ditunjukkan dengan penurunan warna 91,78%, kekeruhan 100%, kandungan besi 95,29%, kandungn mangan 97,14% tetapi kesadahan meningkat 9,42% dan pH tidak terjadi perubahan.

Till now leaves waste kayu putih (Melaleuca sp) at kayu putih (oil industry has not been exploited in an optimal fashion. The aim of this research are first to know the influence of interaction between time and temperature activation on leaves waste kayu putih (Melaleuca sp) activated charcoal quality and second to know the structure of leaves waste kayu putih activated charcoal. Activated charcoal with the highest quality will applicate to increase consuming water quality. Firstly leaves waste kayu putih was carbonized in an electrical retort at 400°C for 1,5 hours. Leaves waste kayu putih charcoal was activated at 800°C, 900°C and 1000°C for 30 minutes, 60 minutes and 90 minutes. The average value was analyzed by ANOVA, if significantly difference tested by HSD test. The result showed that the yield of activated charcoal range from 63,537- 86,617%, moisture content 5,364-7,564%, volatile matter 59,000-70,800%, ash content 17,400-19,900%, fixed carbon 11,800-21,200%, benzene adsorption 4,436-6,856%, iodium adsorption 362,362-733,018 (mg/g), methylene blue adsorption 128,447-137,273 (mg/g). The surface area of the highest quality of leaves waste kayu putih activated charcoal is 186,100 m2/g and the lowest quality is 147,400 m2/g. The FTIR analysis indicate that surface area of highest quality of leaves waste kayu putih activated charcoal are contain bonding of C–X, C–H, C– C, N–H, O–H and the lowest quality are contain bonding of C–X, C–H, C–C, N=O, C=C, N–H, O–H. The X-RD analysis indicate that pattern of crystallite structure of the lowest and the highest quality of leaves waste kayu putih activated charcoal became more amorf. The TEM analysis indicate porous property of the lowest and the highest quality of leaves waste kayu putih activated charcoal. The ground water after being purified with this selected activated charcoal revealed the improvement on its qualities, as shown by the decrease in color 91,78%, turbidity 100%, iron content 95,29% and manganese content 97,14%, but hardness of water increasing 9,42% and water pH wasn’t change.

Kata Kunci : Arang aktif,Air konsumsi,Limbah daun kayu putih,Aktivated charcoal