Faktor risiko diare akut pada balita di Kecamatan Umbulharjo dan Kotagede Kota Yogyakarta

HANNIF, dr. Nenny Sri Mulyani, SpAK

2010 | Tesis |

Latar Belakang : Diare masih menjadi masalah kesehatan terutama di negara-negara berkembang seperti Indonesia. Penyakit ini merupakan penyebab utama kematian balita setelah perinatal dan ISPA. Hasil Riskesdas tahun 2007 diare merupakan penyebab kematian balita sebesar 25,2%. Di Kota Yogyakarta kejadian diare yang datang berobat ke puskesmas dan rumah sakit pada tahun 2009 menempati urutan kedua setelah ISPA dengan jumlah kasus 16604 orang dan prevalensi = 3,60%. Penyakit diare merupakan salah satu penyakit yang penularannya bersifat oro-faecal. Karena itu penyakit diare dapat ditularkan melalui beberapa jalur diantaranya melalui air yang tercemar (water borne).Tujuan : Untuk mengetahui hubungan kualitas bakteriologis air bersih,sarana air bersih, jamban keluarga, higiene perorangan ibu (pengasuh),dan perilaku merebus air minum dengan kejadian diare akut pada balita di Kota Yogyakarta.Metode : Jenis penelitian case control lokasi di Kota Yogyakarta jumlah sampel 250 orang yaitu 125 kasus dan 125 kontrol. Analisis data secara univariat, bivariat dan multivariat. Hasil : Pada analisis multivariat hanya hygiene perorangan (OR=2,16,p=0,010) dan risiko sarana air bersih (OR=2,10, p=0,022) yang bermakna secara statistik. Kesimpulan : Ada hubungan antara hygiene perorangan, risiko sarana air bersih dengan kejadian diare akut pada balita.

Background: Diarrhea is a health problem particularly in developing countries such as Indonesia. The disease is the main cause of mortality in underfives after perinatal and acute respiratory tract infection (ARI). Data of Basic Health Research 2007 showed diarrhea caused mortality in underfives as much as 25.2%. In Yogyakarta Municipality the prevalence of diarrhea at health centers and hospitals in 2009 was in the second rank after ARI with as many as 16,604 cases and the prevalence was 3.60%.Diarrhea is a disease transmitted oro-faecal; therefore it can be transmitted in many ways among others is through polluted water (water borne).Objective: To identify association between bacteriological quality of clean water, clean water facilities, family toilet, individual hygiene of mother (caregiver) and behavior in boiling drinking water and acute diarrhea in underfives at Yogyakarta Municipality.Method: The study was a case control undertaken at Yogyakarta Municipality with as many as 250 people comprising 125 cases and 125 controls. Data analysis used univariate, bivariate and ultivariate techniques.Result: The result of multivariate analysis showed that only individual hygiene (OR=2.16; p=0.010) and risk of clean water facilities (OR=2.10, p=0.022) were statistically significant.Conclusion: There was association between individual hygiene, risk of clean water facilities and the prevalence of acute diarrhea in underfives

Kata Kunci : Diare akut, Balita, Faktor risiko, acute diarrhea, underfives, risk factors